{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:40:08Z","timestamp":1789800008553,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of S-ketamine (S-KET) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) \u2013 induced liver damage and oxidative stress, as well as to elucidate the related underlying mechanisms. Blood was collected to measure biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and \u03b3-glutamyltransferase (\u03b3-GT)) and the liver was harvested for histopathological analysis of enzymes related to the antioxidant response (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). Liver cell apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and the nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2013related factor 2 (Nrf2)\/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway were detected by Western blot analysis to explore potential mechanisms. S-KET protected the liver from CCl4-induced damage. The changes to the liver biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, ALP, TB, and \u03b3-GT) and oxidative stress-related indicators (increased MDA; depleted SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX) induced by CCl4 were inhibited by S-KET. S-Ket also inhibited CCl4-induced cell apoptosis, the changes in expression of related proteins, and blocked CCl4-induced liver injury and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway. S-KET effectively protected the liver by inhibition of CCl4-induced damage via upregulation the Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2020-0763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T21:41:19Z","timestamp":1627335679000},"page":"1308-1315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["S-ketamine alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Weimin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuaishuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.160175"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(15)60952-5"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.11.047"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113413"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2001-7-826"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","first-page":"8655","volume":"8","author":"Cai Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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