{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T14:40:03Z","timestamp":1751467203519,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Free fatty acid (FFA) deposition in non-adipose tissues such as the heart is a characteristic of insulin resistant states which feature hyperinsulinemia and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activation. Estrogen\u2013progestin oral contraceptives (OC) treatment reportedly increased DPP-4 activity in rat tissue, and DPP-4 inhibitors have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on cardiac FFA deposition in estrogen\u2013progestin-treated female rats. From our data, estrogen\u2013progestin OC exposure in female rats led to elevated plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, TG\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG\/HDL-C) ratio, adenosine deaminase\/xanthine oxidase\/uric acid pathway (ADA\/XO\/UA), lipid peroxidation, glycogen synthase activity, and alanine phosphatase; whereas cardiac glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase and nitric oxide (NO) were decreased. However, DPP-4 inhibition resulted in decreased plasma insulin, cardiac DPP-4 activity, FFA, TG, TG\/HDL-C ratio, and alkaline phosphatase. These were accompanied by reduced ADA\/XO\/UA pathway, lipid peroxidation, and augmented NO and Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>-ATPase in estrogen\u2013progestin OC-treated rats. DPP-4 inhibition attenuated cardiac lipid deposition accompanied by reduced activity in the ADA\/XO\/UA pathway in estrogen\u2013progestin OC-treated female rats. DPP-4 is therefore a plausible therapeutic target in cardiometabolic disorders. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2021-0043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1627335384000},"page":"1316-1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 averts free fatty acids deposition in the hearts of oral estrogen\u2013progestin contraceptive-induced hyperinsulinemic female rats"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Tolulope Eniola","family":"Adegoke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaiah Woru","family":"Sabinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Damilare","family":"Areola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Folasade","family":"Ajao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."},{"name":"Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olayinka Olawale","family":"Asafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talha Kolade","family":"Soluoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullahi","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adejoke Mosunmade","family":"Adesanmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shukurat Olaide","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AyokunleOlusuyi","family":"Omoleye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam Tayo","family":"Ayinla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence Aderemi","family":"Olatunji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2020.1767148"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(95)80017-M"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2018.04.013"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20340"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg5\/ref5","first-page":"233","volume":"56","author":"Caserta D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Panminerva. 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