{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:14:09Z","timestamp":1789038849600,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.en_GB"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["ALLRP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALLRP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["576795-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["576795-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["C02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SFB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1278\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1278\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PolyTarget-316213987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PolyTarget-316213987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite extensive characterisation of immune responses across peripheral organs, the immunological landscape of the central nervous system (CNS) remains incompletely defined. Among the resident immune cell populations in the brain, mast cells and microglia have emerged as key modulators of neuroinflammatory processes. Research has increasingly also shown that these cells contribute to fundamental homeostatic functions, including regulation of sleep, affective states, and energy balance. These cells engage in complex bidirectional communication, mediated in part by the biogenic amine histamine. Although histamine was first identified over a century ago, its multifaceted roles in CNS homeostasis, immune surveillance, and neuropathophysiology remain poorly delineated. This review examines the biosynthesis, receptor-mediated signalling, and functional consequences of histaminergic activity within the brain, with a particular focus on microglial dynamics. We discuss crosstalk between mast cells and microglia via histamine signalling pathways, and the potential implications of this interaction in the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Furthermore, we evaluate the emerging evidence on the capacity of centrally acting antihistamines, especially those capable of penetrating the blood\u2013brain barrier, to modulate microglial phenotypes. Collectively, these insights underscore the urgent need for deeper mechanistic studies to elucidate histamine's role in CNS immunophysiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2025-0317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T21:35:14Z","timestamp":1785965714000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The influence of histamine and antihistamines on microglial regulation and neuroinflammation"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Marcus","family":"Pehar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1353-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Westhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]},{"name":"FAU NeW \u2013 Research Center New Bioactive Compounds","place":["Erlangen, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4741-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianna","family":"Kulka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]},{"name":"University of Alberta","place":["Edmonton, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.12.044"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147130"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.06.016"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.1.75-84.2002"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116347"},{"issue":"10","key":"refg6\/ref6","first-page":"549","volume":"14","author":"Anbarian F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Forum"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)02049-6"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153793"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0658-8"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9019-8"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13111779"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(03)00357-3"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24519"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-014-0034-y"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578180"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1996.tb16086.x"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm020895l"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.12.063"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9524075"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51991-6"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M011571200"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00039-3"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0045-10.2010"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063160"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.680214"},{"issue":"6","key":"refg26\/ref26","first-page":"CD009566","volume":"2015","author":"Castillo M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02205232"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.05.012"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","author":"Chen C.L.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biorxiv"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13111595"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091345"},{"key":"refg32\/ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50042-4"},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13191"},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078434"},{"key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010137"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00227.x"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","author":"Cooper J.J.M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-016-0481-y"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1910.sp001406"},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1919.sp001837"},{"issue":"9","key":"refg41\/ref41","first-page":"462","volume":"26","author":"de Esch I.J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00089","volume":"11","author":"de Oliveira P.G.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"refg43\/ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.12.045"},{"key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01657.x"},{"key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90929-9"},{"key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9720-x"},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0240-6"},{"key":"refg48\/ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00101-5"},{"key":"refg49\/ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.038"},{"key":"refg50\/ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI184697"},{"key":"refg51\/ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/NS20210004"},{"key":"refg52\/ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.4.1944"},{"key":"refg53\/ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00886"},{"key":"refg54\/ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2016.00072"},{"key":"refg55\/ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.11.036"},{"key":"refg56\/ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2025.117916"},{"key":"refg57\/ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00215-7"},{"key":"refg58\/ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12052049"},{"key":"refg59\/ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12041680"},{"key":"refg60\/ref60","volume-title":"Histology, Mast Cells","author":"Fong M.","year":"2025"},{"key":"refg61\/ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.07.002"},{"key":"refg62\/ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i4.615"},{"key":"refg63\/ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.025"},{"key":"refg64\/ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000086667"},{"key":"refg65\/ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2007"},{"key":"refg66\/ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.130070"},{"key":"refg67\/ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.004"},{"key":"refg68\/ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harding S.D., Armstrong J.F., Faccenda E., Southan C., Alexander S.P.H., Davenport A.P.,  2026. The IUPHAR\/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2026. An expert-curated resource of pharmacological targets and the substances that act on them. Nucleic Acids Res. 54(D1): 1446\u20131556. doi:10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1067. PMID: 41160876. Available from: https:\/\/www.guidetopharmacology.org\/.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1067"},{"key":"refg69\/ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00230-X"},{"key":"refg70\/ref70","unstructured":"Hof S., van Rijn L.J., Uitdehaag B.M.J., Nij Bijvank J.A., Petzold A. 2025. Clemastine\u00a0Fumarate\u00a0as Remyelinating Treatment in Internuclear Ophthalmoparesis and Multiple Sclerosis (RESTORE). ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier:\u00a0NCT05338450. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05338450?cond=clemastine&viewType=Card&rank=3#collaborators-and-investigators [accessed 18 December 2024]."},{"key":"refg71\/ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199920050-00001"},{"key":"refg72\/ref72","volume-title":"Basic neurochemistry: molecular, cellular and medical aspects","author":"Hough L.B.","year":"1999","edition":"6"},{"key":"refg73\/ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(88)90032-9"},{"key":"refg74\/ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2011.05.003"},{"key":"refg75\/ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00524-w"},{"key":"refg76\/ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.02.039"},{"key":"refg77\/ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2022_322","volume":"59","author":"Iida T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Top Behav. Neurosci"},{"key":"refg78\/ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.05.081"},{"key":"refg79\/ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22812"},{"key":"refg80\/ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054749"},{"key":"refg81\/ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09727531211070532"},{"key":"refg82\/ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858418783959"},{"key":"refg83\/ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000108341"},{"key":"refg84\/ref84","first-page":"81","volume":"24","author":"Kaliner M.A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"A. Sheikh. Online, Oxford Academic."},{"key":"refg85\/ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2010.08.010"},{"key":"refg86\/ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-025-10194-6"},{"key":"refg87\/ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27041768"},{"key":"refg88\/ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01835-3"},{"key":"refg89\/ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00580-x"},{"key":"refg90\/ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.106153"},{"key":"refg91\/ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4243953"},{"key":"refg92\/ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100805"},{"key":"refg93\/ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1202089"},{"key":"refg94\/ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(02)00550-8"},{"key":"refg95\/ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.01.032"},{"key":"refg96\/ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(03)00126-X"},{"key":"refg97\/ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.08.001"},{"key":"refg98\/ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-5198(19)43508-7"},{"key":"refg99\/ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1369-05.2006"},{"key":"refg100\/ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2"},{"key":"refg101\/ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10253"},{"key":"refg102\/ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0954-7894.2002.01314.x"},{"key":"refg103\/ref103","first-page":"56","volume":"11","author":"Lewis T.","year":"1924","journal-title":"Heart,"},{"key":"refg104\/ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.736310"},{"key":"refg105\/ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2021.113742"},{"key":"refg106\/ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.12.023"},{"key":"refg107\/ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2216231120"},{"key":"refg108\/ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072810"},{"key":"refg109\/ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpaic.2014.02.011"},{"key":"refg110\/ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.5.1185"},{"key":"refg111\/ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00341"},{"key":"refg112\/ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(95)00148-Y"},{"key":"refg113\/ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.06.031"},{"key":"refg114\/ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00162"},{"key":"refg115\/ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00916"},{"key":"refg116\/ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.17"},{"key":"refg117\/ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317513488925"},{"key":"refg118\/ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120240"},{"key":"refg119\/ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647"},{"key":"refg120\/ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01993160"},{"key":"refg121\/ref121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2021_253","volume":"59","author":"Nomura H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Top Behav. Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"refg122\/ref122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.11.6.807","volume":"11","author":"Oppenheimer J.J.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs"},{"key":"refg123\/ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.112.102905"},{"key":"refg124\/ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.841548"},{"key":"refg125\/ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2018.04.059"},{"key":"refg126\/ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.03757.x"},{"key":"refg127\/ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75982-1"},{"key":"refg128\/ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00226-1"},{"key":"refg129\/ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.10.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg130\/ref130","first-page":"166","volume":"24","author":"Pullen L.C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"refg131\/ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.33594\/000000324","volume":"55","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Ponce M.P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"refg132\/ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2023.1211188"},{"key":"refg133\/ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-12016-3"},{"key":"refg134\/ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0600-0"},{"key":"refg135\/ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12266"},{"key":"refg136\/ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002096"},{"key":"refg137\/ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.06.051"},{"key":"refg138\/ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz067.123"},{"key":"refg139\/ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031093"},{"key":"refg140\/ref140","volume-title":"Mast cell density in the human brain","author":"Santabarbara J.N.","year":"2024"},{"key":"refg141\/ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy183"},{"key":"refg142\/ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-092818-015756"},{"key":"refg143\/ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(75)90083-1"},{"key":"refg144\/ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.071266"},{"key":"refg145\/ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2024.115270"},{"key":"refg146\/ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5806"},{"key":"refg147\/ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207454.2016.1212854"},{"key":"refg148\/ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.12.008"},{"key":"refg149\/ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2011.10.016"},{"key":"refg150\/ref150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2021_237","volume":"59","author":"Shan L.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Top Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"refg151\/ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NPR.0000651112.76528.ed"},{"key":"refg152\/ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00006"},{"key":"refg153\/ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00401.2000"},{"key":"refg154\/ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.09.005"},{"key":"refg155\/ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e318186fb3a"},{"key":"refg156\/ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0280-7"},{"key":"refg157\/ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00412"},{"key":"refg158\/ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30333-7"},{"key":"refg159\/ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2341-06.2006"},{"key":"refg160\/ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63176-8"},{"key":"refg161\/ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702291104"},{"key":"refg162\/ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.06.004"},{"key":"refg163\/ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01873"},{"key":"refg164\/ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph17070831"},{"key":"refg165\/ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08941939209012447"},{"key":"refg166\/ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1544213"},{"key":"refg167\/ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14524"},{"key":"refg168\/ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.12.6290"},{"key":"refg169\/ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.04.012"},{"key":"refg170\/ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(01)00222-4"},{"key":"refg171\/ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208786369777"},{"key":"refg172\/ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1032-19.2019"},{"key":"refg173\/ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.06.006"},{"key":"refg174\/ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44477-4"},{"key":"refg175\/ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109045"},{"key":"refg176\/ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00465-6"},{"key":"refg177\/ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85702-8"},{"key":"refg178\/ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110984"},{"key":"refg179\/ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902520207"},{"key":"refg180\/ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.87"},{"key":"refg181\/ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-230199"},{"key":"refg182\/ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24039"},{"key":"refg183\/ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1662-6"},{"key":"refg184\/ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177662"},{"key":"refg185\/ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.733945"},{"key":"refg186\/ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.071712"},{"key":"refg187\/ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2022.03.010"},{"issue":"5","key":"refg188\/ref188","first-page":"289","volume":"19","author":"Yamamoto Y.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg189\/ref189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(82)90175-7","volume":"31","author":"Yamatodani A.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"refg190\/ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.11.001"},{"key":"refg191\/ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1090288"},{"key":"refg192\/ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00151.x"},{"key":"refg193\/ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09887-6"},{"key":"refg194\/ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00314"},{"key":"refg195\/ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.51150"},{"key":"refg196\/ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.11.006"},{"key":"refg197\/ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi800044n"},{"key":"refg198\/ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110649"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/cjpp-2025-0317","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/cjpp-2025-0317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:00:41Z","timestamp":1789038041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/cjpp-2025-0317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"references-count":198,"alternative-id":["10.1139\/cjpp-2025-0317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjpp-2025-0317","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4212","1205-7541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4212","type":"print"},{"value":"1205-7541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}