{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T14:49:23Z","timestamp":1761662963633},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The vernalization gene VRN-1 has been identified as a MADS-box transcription factor orthologous to the meristem identity gene APETALA1 (AP1). A single copy of this gene was found in diploid wheat, but 2 copies were reported in barley. In this study, we present a detailed characterization of these 2 copies to understand their respective roles in the vernalization response. We identified 2 groups of barley bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), each containing 1 AP1 copy designated hereafter as HvAP1a and HvAP1b. A physical map of the VRN-H1 region showed that the HvAP1a BACs were part of the VRN-H1 region but that the HvAP1b BACs were not. Numerous structural changes were observed between the barley and wheat VRN-1 physical maps. In a population segregating for VRN-H1, the HvAP1a gene cosegregated with growth habit, suggesting that HvAP1a is the barley vernalization gene VRN-H1. The other copy, HvAP1b, was mapped on the centromeric region of chromosome 1H, the chromosome where vernalization gene VRN-H3 was previously mapped. We developed a mapping population segregating for VRN-H3 and showed that 2 molecular makers flanking HvAP1b locus were not linked to growth habit. The HvAP1b copy has a complete deletion of the first 2 exons, suggesting that it is a truncated pseudogene and not a candidate for VRN-H3. In summary, this study contributed a detailed physical map of the barley VRN-H1 region, showed several structural differences with the orthologous wheat region, and clarified the identity of the barley VRN-H1 gene.Key words: barley, vernalization, Vrn-1, physical map.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/g05-035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,24]],"date-time":"2011-04-24T14:30:55Z","timestamp":1303655455000},"page":"905-912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Molecular characterization of the duplicated meristem identity genes<i>HvAP1a<\/i>and<i>HvAP1b<\/i>in barley"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Liuling","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarislav","family":"von Zitzewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick M","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Dubcovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"p_1\/p_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.023523","volume":"132","author":"Danyluk J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"p_2\/p_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6645","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.14.6645","volume":"92","author":"Dubcovsky J.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. 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