{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T00:56:05Z","timestamp":1773449765799,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana), a natural host and transmitter of plague, is also susceptible to the hepadnavirus infection. To reveal the genetic basis of the hepadnavirus susceptibility and the immune response to plague, we systematically characterized the features of immune genes in Himalayan marmot with those of human and mouse. We found that the entire major histocompatibility complex region and the hepatitis B virus pathway genes of the Himalayan marmot were conserved with those of humans. A Trim (tripartite motif) gene cluster involved in immune response and antiviral activity displays dynamic evolution, which is reflected by the duplication of Trim5 and the absence of Trim22 and Trim34. Three key regions of Ntcp, which is critical for hepatitis B virus entry, had high identity among seven species of Marmota. Moreover, we observed a severe alveolar hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltrate in the infected lungs and livers from Himalayan marmots after infection of EV76, a live attenuated Yersinia pestis strain. Lots of immune genes were remarkably up-regulated, which several hub genes Il2r\u03b3, Tra29, and Nlrp7 are placed at the center of the gene network. These findings suggest that Himalayan marmot is a potential animal model for study on the hepadnavirus and plague infection. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2019-0161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T12:29:16Z","timestamp":1587385756000},"page":"307-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic and molecular features for hepadnavirus and plague infections in the Himalayan marmot"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Baoning","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."},{"name":"Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."},{"name":"Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."},{"name":"Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sihai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."},{"name":"Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haiqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 811602, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."},{"name":"Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weirong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."},{"name":"Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yandong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Medical University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710000, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanqing","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 811602, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhongdong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, Qinghai 811602, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianglin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Animal Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."},{"name":"Research Institute of Atherosclerotic Disease, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710061, China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032712-095912"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-10-r106"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-017-9231-4"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2018.11.034"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0016-5085(03)00290-7"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231625398"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00256-10"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0081-6"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2019.06.007"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004162"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2416"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.02.006"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23011"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.12.044"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2018.013"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","unstructured":"Hoffmann, R., Lunde, D., MacKinnon, J., Wilson, D., Wozencraft, W., Gemma, F., and Sung, W. 2008. A guide to the mammals of China, Princeton University Press."},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1126"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840080230"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.11.026"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw092"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02035-14"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msw054"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00847.x"},{"issue":"4695","key":"refg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)76466-5","volume":"182","author":"Lien-teh W.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00911.x"},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i1.104"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022649799"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S1067413606010085"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2413"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-382"},{"issue":"5","key":"refg32\/ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02456.x","volume":"72","author":"Qiu Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02456.x"},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3818"},{"key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000150418"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00914.x"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8266078"},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.9.4533"},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2012.016"},{"key":"refg41\/ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2005.01664.x"},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.025023-0"},{"key":"refg43\/ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.02.016"},{"key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049"},{"key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2015.06.002"},{"key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2016.11.002"},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01520-10"}],"container-title":["Genome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/gen-2019-0161","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/gen-2019-0161","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T14:31:35Z","timestamp":1751466695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/gen-2019-0161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/gen-2019-0161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/gen-2019-0161","relation":{},"ISSN":["0831-2796","1480-3321"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0831-2796","type":"print"},{"value":"1480-3321","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}