{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:46:43Z","timestamp":1755218803591,"version":"3.43.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Speciation by polyploidization has been documented to have independently occurred in 12 families of anuran amphibians. Tomopterna tandyi was described as a South African allotetraploid species of sand frogs in the family Pyxicephalidae. Recent taxonomic revisions and new species descriptions in the genus present problems with respect to the evolution of this tetraploid species. Chromosomes, mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, isozymes, and male mating calls were examined for T. tandyi and for diploid species of Tomopterna. Mitochondrial sequences confirmed the diploid species, T. adiastola, to be the maternal ancestor that gave rise to the tetraploid about 5 mya. Nuclear sequences and isozymes reveal a complex reticulation of paternal ancestry that may be explained by occasional hybridization of T. tandyi with diploid species of Tompoterna at various times in sympatric populations. Interspecific diploid to tetraploid gene introgression is suspected to have also occurred in Australian and North American tetraploid species of frogs. Diploid to tetraploid introgression is facilitated through triploid hybrids that are more viable than diploid hybrids and produce unreduced triploid eggs. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2022-0053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T17:39:40Z","timestamp":1665596380000},"page":"585-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chromosomes in the African frog genus <i>Tomopterna<\/i> (Pyxicephalidae) and probing the origin of tetraploid <i>Tomopterna tandyi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2096-4758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Bogart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abeda","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor: Research, Innovation and Engagement, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois S.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Museum of Namibia","place":["Windhoek, Namibia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Channing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University","place":["Potchefstroom, South Africa"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg1\/ref1","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2017"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"Bittencourt-Silva G.B.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Amph. Rept. Cons."},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Animal Sounds and Communication","author":"Bogert C.M.","year":"1960"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-3069-1_18","volume-title":"Polyploidy: Biological Relevance","author":"Bogart J.P.","year":"1980"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg5\/ref5","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2021-0019"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg6\/ref6","DOI":"10.1159\/000351593315-330"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg7\/ref7","DOI":"10.1126\/science.935871"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg8\/ref8","DOI":"10.1080\/03749444.1981.10736629"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg9\/ref9","DOI":"10.1159\/000130172"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg10\/ref10","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2020-0031"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg11\/ref11","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab316"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg12\/ref12","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.12.6585"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg13\/ref13","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006650"},{"volume-title":"Raven pro: interactive sound analysis software (version 1.6.1) [computer software]","year":"2019","author":"Center for Conservation Bioacoustics","key":"refg14\/ref14"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg15\/ref15","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4688.4.6"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","first-page":"80","volume":"31","author":"Channing A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Zool."},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","first-page":"1","volume":"37","author":"Channing A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alytes"},{"volume-title":"Field guide to the frogs and other amphibians of Africa","year":"2019","author":"Channing A.","key":"refg18\/ref18"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg19\/ref19","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4155.1.1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg20\/ref20","DOI":"10.1080\/21564574.2004.9635495"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg21\/ref21","DOI":"10.1139\/f72-172"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg22\/ref22","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294x.2000.01020.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg23\/ref23","DOI":"10.2307\/2419134"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg24\/ref24","DOI":"10.1006\/mpev.2001.1060"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg25\/ref25","DOI":"10.3897\/CompCytogen.v10i1.5718"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg26\/ref26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2009.02732.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg27\/ref27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2005.tb00998.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg28\/ref28","DOI":"10.1159\/000520913"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg29\/ref29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8312.2011.01837.x"},{"volume-title":"Protein electrophoresis","year":"1994","author":"Grant S.","key":"refg30\/ref30"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg31\/ref31","DOI":"10.1159\/000079293"},{"key":"refg32\/ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012301463-4\/50010-3","volume-title":"The Evolution of the Genome","author":"Gregory T.R.","year":"2005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg33\/ref33","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02101694"},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","first-page":"461","volume":"53","author":"Heinicke M.P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Salamandra"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg35\/ref35","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syr087"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Molecular Systematics","author":"Hillis D.M.","year":"1996","edition":"2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg37\/ref37","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg38\/ref38","DOI":"10.1086\/501079"},{"volume-title":"Enzyme nomenclature","year":"1984","author":"International Union of Biochemistry Nomenclature Committee (IUBC)","key":"refg39\/ref39"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg40\/ref40","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1391"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg41\/ref41","DOI":"10.2307\/1439846"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg42\/ref42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2011.00829.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg43\/ref43","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836902000663"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg44\/ref44","DOI":"10.3390\/d14040305"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg45\/ref45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2014.09.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg46\/ref46","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst024"},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","first-page":"51","volume-title":"Molecular Systematics","author":"Murphy R.W.","year":"1996","edition":"2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg48\/ref48","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu300"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg49\/ref49","DOI":"10.1371\/journal. pgen.1008769"},{"key":"refg50\/ref50","first-page":"11","volume":"27","author":"Padial J.M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basic App. Herpet."},{"volume-title":"Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version 1.4.4","year":"2018","author":"Rambaut A.","key":"refg51\/ref51"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg52\/ref52","DOI":"10.2307\/1447296"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg53\/ref53","DOI":"10.1670\/0022-1511(2006)40%5b465:ROTGDO%5d2.0.CO;2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg54\/ref54","DOI":"10.1159\/000301339"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg55\/ref55","DOI":"10.1159\/000431388"},{"key":"refg56\/ref56","first-page":"49","volume":"7103","author":"Selander R.K.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Uni. Texas Pub"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg57\/ref57","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19840"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg58\/ref58","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/87.6.651"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg59\/ref59","DOI":"10.1086\/379378"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg60\/ref60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2009.00876.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg61\/ref61","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2011.1738"},{"key":"refg62\/ref62","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Molecular systematics","author":"Swofford D.L.","year":"1996","edition":"2"},{"unstructured":"Swofford D.L. 2002. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA. pp. i\u2013ii + 1-142.","key":"refg63\/ref63"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg64\/ref64","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw256"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg65\/ref65","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3734.2.7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg66\/ref66","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.4609.2.2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"refg67\/ref67","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2933.1.2"}],"container-title":["Genome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/gen-2022-0053","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/gen-2022-0053","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T12:31:57Z","timestamp":1754483517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/gen-2022-0053"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/gen-2022-0053"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/gen-2022-0053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0831-2796","1480-3321"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0831-2796"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1480-3321"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}