{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:28:38Z","timestamp":1792787318282,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["305774\/2024-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305774\/2024-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["407535\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["407535\/2023-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["88887.956714\/2024-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.956714\/2024-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sida (Malvaceae), the largest Malveae\u2013Abutilinae member, has poorly defined morphological limits which overlaps with 11 phylogenetically closely related genera that comprises the \u201c Sida generic alliance\u201d. The 12 genera are distributed in the tropics especially in Brazil where one third of its species diversity is found. Evolutionary relationships within Sida generic alliance remain unresolved due to morphological convergence, limited taxon sampling, and lack of integrative approaches including cytogenetic data. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Sida and allied genera using a multilocus dataset (nuclear ITS and seven plastid loci) including 193 species classified in 19 genera and analyzed chromosome evolution using cytogenetic data (chromosome number) for 79 species of the 19 genera. The phylogeny recovered seven clades\u2014 Abutilon, Bakeridesia, Callianthe, Gaya, and three Sida clades (I\u2013III)\u2014and confirmed the polyphyly of Sida, the largest genera. We detected reticulate evolution, with incongruence between nuclear and plastid topologies. Chromosome number ranged from 2 n\u00a0=\u00a012 to 60 and represented synapomorphies for most clades. Ancestral character reconstruction indicated that ascending dysploidy and polyploidy predominated in karyotype evolution of Sida and allied genera. Our results reveal taxonomic incongruence in current classifications probably related to reticulate evolution. A generic-level taxonomic revision is necessary and should rely on integrated phylogenetic and karyotypic evidence. This study provides a framework for phylogenetic systematics and emphasizes the role of Brazil as a hotspot for plant genomic research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/gen-2025-0118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:00:19Z","timestamp":1789556419000},"page":"1-15","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unraveling evolutionary relationships in the\n                    <i>Sida<\/i>\n                    generic alliance (Malvaceae, Malvoideae): a phylogenetic and cytotaxonomic overview"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3809-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harrison Luiz Santos","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","place":["Recife, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3605-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson","family":"Carvalho-Sobrinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco","place":["Petrolina, Brazil"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco","place":["Recife, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-3920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus","family":"Colli-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","place":["Recife, Brazil"]},{"name":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew","place":["Richmond, UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5700-6097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","place":["Recife, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08822-w"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg2\/ref2","first-page":"352","volume":"28","author":"Aguilar J.F.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Syst. 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