{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:35:03Z","timestamp":1783953303682,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to examine the role of wheeling experience on efficiency, metabolic cost, and differentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) during synchronous and asynchronous hand-rim propulsion with varying arm frequencies. Fourteen able-bodied (AB) male participants and 8 male wheelchair sportsmen (WS) performed tests of peak oxygen consumption for both propulsion modes. Subsequently, 2 series of five 4-min sub-maximal exercise bouts were completed at an individualized velocity (60% of peak oxygen consumption). Arm frequencies consisted of the freely chosen frequency (FCF), followed by 4 counter-balanced paced trials pushing at 60%, 80%, 120%, and 140% of the FCF. Efficiency indices (gross, GE; work, WE) were determined and peripheral (RPE-P), central (RPE-C), and overall (RPE-O) RPEs were recorded. The GE (6.4% vs. 8.4%) and WE (11.3% vs. 15.1%) were significantly higher in WS than in AB (p\u00a0= 0.001). Trends in the oxygen consumption, GE, and WE data were similar in both groups, propulsion mode, and arm frequency. Data suggest that 80% FCF resulted in improved efficiency for both propulsion mode and group, although the differences between those arm frequencies immediately above and below were non-significant. Lower RPE scores corresponded with higher efficiency values. Regardless of group there were significant differences (p = 0.001) between the differentiated RPE measures, whereby RPE-P was on average always the highest score (13.1) and RPE-C the lowest (11.1; RPE-O was 12.2). In conclusion, despite the anticipated differences in efficiency between the WS and AB participants, this study confirmed that psycho-physiological measures produce similar trends to physiological measures with manipulations of both arm frequency and propulsion mode.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/h08-072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,10]],"date-time":"2008-10-10T18:42:16Z","timestamp":1223664136000},"page":"870-879","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Wheelchair propulsion: effects of experience and push strategy on efficiency and perceived exertion"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"John P.","family":"Lenton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, MMU Cheshire, Alsager, England, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Rehabilitation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil E.","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, MMU Cheshire, Alsager, England, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Rehabilitation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"van der Woude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, MMU Cheshire, Alsager, England, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Rehabilitation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria L.","family":"Goosey-Tolfrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, MMU Cheshire, Alsager, England, UK"},{"name":"Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Rehabilitation Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"rg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197719702239298","volume":"2","author":"Borg G.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"rg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-817879"},{"key":"rg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101566"},{"key":"rg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200205000-00005"},{"key":"rg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(03)00018-X"},{"key":"rg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1971.tb05093.x","volume":"83","author":"Ekblom B.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"rg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837486"},{"key":"rg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.1990.10608683","volume":"61","author":"Gayle G.W.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Res. Q. Exerc. Sport"},{"key":"rg9\/ref9","first-page":"41","volume":"48","author":"Glaser R.M.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"rg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-0875-6"},{"key":"rg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200001000-00026"},{"key":"rg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705035"},{"key":"rg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.01.001"},{"key":"rg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2002-33734"},{"key":"rg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964124"},{"key":"rg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-924028"},{"key":"rg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3100875"},{"key":"rg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00015","volume":"14","author":"Pandolf K.B.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"rg19\/ref19","first-page":"23","volume":"16","author":"Peronnet F.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can. J. Sport Sci."},{"key":"rg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(86)90008-4"},{"key":"rg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90270-1"},{"key":"rg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03212943","volume":"5","author":"Sparrow W.A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychon. Bull. Rev."},{"key":"rg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-972896"},{"key":"rg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138608967269"},{"key":"rg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00418509"},{"key":"rg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/030919 000300037168"},{"key":"rg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(01)00083-2"},{"key":"rg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-4533(03)00102-4"},{"key":"rg29\/ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199411000-00012","volume":"26","author":"Vanlandewijck Y.C.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"rg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200131050-00005"},{"key":"rg31\/ref31","first-page":"100","volume":"24","author":"Veeger H.E.J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."}],"container-title":["Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/H08-072","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/H08-072","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T14:51:35Z","timestamp":1709304695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/10.1139\/H08-072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/H08-072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/h08-072","relation":{},"ISSN":["1715-5312","1715-5320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1715-5312","type":"print"},{"value":"1715-5320","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}}}