{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T02:37:05Z","timestamp":1787452625714,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["25K15384 JP21K12153 JP22K07598 JP22K15766 JP24K10681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K15384 JP21K12153 JP22K07598 JP22K15766 JP24K10681"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is heterogeneous, and differences in age at onset may be associated with important feature of distinct subtype. However, no studies have investigated the differences between early- and late-onset OCD using structural and functional multimodal neuroimaging methods that reflect different neurobiological backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 130 participants (76 medication-free patients with OCD and 54 healthy controls (HCs)). We investigated group differences among early- and late-onset OCD and HCs in the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and local gyrification index (LGI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the fALFF analysis, group differences were detected in the left lateral occipital cortex and bilateral thalamus (a voxel-height threshold of p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 and a cluster-level threshold of p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, with a false discovery rate correction). Both patients with early- and late-onset OCD had significantly lower fALFF in the thalamus compared to HCs (Bonferroni corrected p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Patients with early-onset OCD exhibited significantly lower fALFF in the lateral occipital cortex than those with late-onset OCD and HCs (Bonferroni corrected p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). No significant differences were observed in the LGI analysis (a nonparametric permutation approach (10\u2009000 iterations)), a cluster-wise threshold of p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, and a cluster-defining threshold of p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our cross-sectional data could limit the interpretation of our results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results emphasize the importance of the thalamus in the pathophysiology regardless of the age-of-onset subtype of OCD. In addition, altered fALFF in the lateral occipital cortex, not accompanied by deficits of LGI, could represent a disruption of normal functional developmental processes resulting from the OCD onset at a young age. Future study should examine the relationship between the alteration of fALFF in lateral occipital cortex and clinical and treatment-refractory features of early-onset OCD, potentially improving therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn-2025-0245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T01:11:22Z","timestamp":1778116282000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differences in cortical gyrification and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations between early- and late-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Tomiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3997-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keitaro","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tsukuba","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenta","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nami","family":"Nishida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kou","family":"Matsukuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Kawahito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Kamio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Shuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiro","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Tokunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Hospital","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0102-3"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2022.2086295"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2025.12.039"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","first-page":"457","volume":"9","author":"Skapinakis P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Focus (Am. 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