{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:23:04Z","timestamp":1790446984050,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.en_GB"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010026","name":"Beijing Higher Education Young Elite Teacher Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BYESS2023393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BYESS2023393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82201634"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201634"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psychiatry Neurosci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD) remains refractory to conventional pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments in a substantial proportion of patients. Neuromodulation has emerged as a promising intervention, but optimal neural circuit targets remain unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation for OCD using a circuit-based framework and to translate these findings into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials investigating neuromodulation for OCD. PubMed\/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from database inception to December 2023. Eligible studies included adult patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD receiving invasive or non-invasive neuromodulation, with symptom outcomes assessed using the Yale\u2013Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed using mean differences or standardized mean differences, depending on heterogeneity. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024518326).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials involving 868 patients met inclusion criteria. Overall, neuromodulation significantly reduced OCD symptoms compared with control conditions. Circuit-based subgroup analyses indicated that modulation of the fronto-limbic circuit\u2014primarily via invasive deep brain stimulation\u2014was associated with the largest and most consistent Y-BOCS improvements, while sensorimotor, dorsal cognitive, and ventral affective circuits also demonstrated significant but more heterogeneous effects. Invasive neuromodulation showed greater efficacy than non-invasive approaches. These findings informed a translational multi-target deep brain stimulation case, demonstrating clinically meaningful symptom improvement (Y-BOCS decreased from 25 to 16 after 6 months).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Heterogeneity across non-invasive studies, short follow-up durations, and limited circuit-specific data constrain interpretation of long-term and symptom\u2013domain-specific effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This systematic review, meta-analysis, and case study suggest that circuit-based neuromodulation\u2014particularly targeting the fronto-limbic circuit\u2014may offer the most consistent benefit for treatment-refractory OCD. Larger, longer-term, and circuit-informed trials are needed to optimize individualized neuromodulation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1139\/jpn-24-0163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T22:43:17Z","timestamp":1771022597000},"page":"1-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Circuit-based neuromodulation for obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and translational case study"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ruoyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshuo","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingchuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Voon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cambridge","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guanyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0009-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianguo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Tiantan Hospital","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Capital Medical University","place":["China"]},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","unstructured":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5\u2122. 5th ed.; American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. xliv, 947\u2013xliv: Arlington, V. 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