{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T14:18:49Z","timestamp":1777558729267,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,1]],"date-time":"2010-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1270080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. Geotech. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This paper describes a series of laboratory tests performed to characterize the mechanical and hydraulic properties of plastic concrete (PL-C). PL-C is used in the construction of seepage cut-off walls in dams and it comprises cement, aggregate, and water mixed with sodium bentonite. The addition of sodium bentonite causes a reduction in strength and improved ductility after failure compared with normal concrete. The mechanical properties of PL-C are studied using a series of unconfined compression tests and confined compression tests performed while simultaneously permeating water through PL-C specimens. Stress relaxation and controlled rate of loading tests are also performed to investigate the rate-sensitivity and time-dependency of plastic concrete. The test results show that the hydraulic conductivity of PL-C increases between two and three orders of magnitude during triaxial compression due to yielding, crack formation, and dilation of the cracks. Such changes in the behaviour of PL-C should be minimized during design by controlling the working strains and using erosion-resistant mixes. In addition to these findings, PL-C exhibits significant time-dependent behaviour similar to that observed for clays, and the variation of compressive strength versus confining stress is comparable to normal strength concrete. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/t09-103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,7]],"date-time":"2010-04-07T11:45:52Z","timestamp":1270640752000},"page":"461-471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Mechanical and hydraulic characterization of plastic concrete for seepage cut-off walls"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Hinchberger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada."},{"name":"Hatch Energy, 4342 Queen Street, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Weck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada."},{"name":"Hatch Energy, 4342 Queen Street, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Newson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada."},{"name":"Hatch Energy, 4342 Queen Street, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6W1, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"atypb1\/ref1","unstructured":"ASTM. 1998a. Standard test method for slump of hydraulic-cement concrete. ASTM standard C143. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pa."},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb2\/ref2","first-page":"42","volume":"59","author":"Balian S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Water Power and Dam Construction"},{"key":"atypb3\/ref3","unstructured":"Davidson, R.R., Levallois, J., and Graybeal, K. 1992. Seepage cutoff walls for mud mountain dam. In Slurry walls: design, construction, and quality control. ASTM Special Technical Publication No.\u00a01129. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. pp.\u00a0309\u2013323."},{"key":"atypb4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9399(2009)135:7(729)"},{"key":"atypb6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/CCA10470J"},{"key":"atypb8\/ref8","unstructured":"Kahl, T., Kauschinger, J.L., and Perry, E.B. 1991. Plastic concrete cutoff walls for earth dams. U.S. Army Engineering Waterways Experimental Station, Vicksburg, Miss."},{"key":"atypb9\/ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2004.09.011"},{"key":"atypb10\/ref9","unstructured":"Menzies, B. 1988. A computer controlled hydraulic triaxial testing system. In Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock. ASTM STP 977. Edited by R.T. Donaghe, R.C. Chaney, and M.L. Silver. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), Philadelphia, Pa. pp.\u00a082\u201394."},{"key":"atypb11\/ref10","unstructured":"Montoya, E. 2003. Behaviour and analysis of confined concrete. Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont."},{"issue":"2","key":"atypb13\/ref12","first-page":"13","volume":"79","author":"Scott B.D.","year":"1982","journal-title":"ACI Journal"},{"key":"atypb14\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0899-1561(2005)17:2(219)"},{"key":"atypb15\/ref14","unstructured":"Silvestri, V., Soulie, M., Touchan, Z., and Fay, B. 1988. Triaxial relaxation tests on a soft clay. In Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock. ASTM STP 977. Edited by R.T. Donaghe, R.C. Chaney, and M.L. Silver. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, Pa. pp.\u00a0321\u2013337."},{"key":"atypb16\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/t04-090"},{"key":"atypb17\/ref16","unstructured":"Weck, J.V. 2007. Mechanical and hydraulic characterization of plastic concrete. M.E.Sc. thesis, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ont."}],"container-title":["Canadian Geotechnical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/T09-103","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/T09-103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T20:14:06Z","timestamp":1578255246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/10.1139\/T09-103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/T09-103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/t09-103","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-3674","1208-6010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-3674","type":"print"},{"value":"1208-6010","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]}}}