{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T11:15:24Z","timestamp":1790248524003,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,1]],"date-time":"2012-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Microbiol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacillary dysentery, common in developing countries, is usually caused by Shigella species. A major problem in shigellosis is the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. This is the first detailed molecular study on drug resistance of Shigella isolates from the Faisalabad region of Pakistan. Ninety-five Shigella isolates obtained after screening of 2500 stool samples were evaluated for in vitro resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents; the presence or absence of 20 of the most relevant drug resistance genes; and the prevalence of integrons 1, 2, and 3. Shigella flexneri was found to be the most prevalent and most resistant species. Collectively, high resistance was found towards ampicillin (96.84%), tetracycline (93.68%), streptomycin (77.89%), and chloramphenicol (72.63%). Significant emerging resistance was detected towards the modern frontline drugs ciprofloxacin (12.63%), cefradine (17.89%), ceftriaxone (20.00%), cefoperazone (22.10%), and cefixime (28.42%). Prevalence rates for bla<jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>, bla<jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>, gyrA, gyrB, qnrS, aadA1, strAB, tetA, tetB, catA, and catP were 78.94%, 12.63%, 20.00%, 21.05%, 21.05%, 67.36%, 42.10%, 12.63%, 53.68%, 33.68%, and 25.26%, respectively. Class 2 integrons (42.10%) were more common in the local isolates. Simultaneous detection of class 1 and 2 integrons in some isolates and a rapidly emerging resistance to modern frontline drugs are the major findings of this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/w2012-085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]],"date-time":"2012-08-28T01:55:24Z","timestamp":1346118924000},"page":"1047-1054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Molecular profiling of antimicrobial resistance and integron association of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of<i>Shigella<\/i>species from Faisalabad, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Aaysha","family":"Tariq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, P.O. 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