{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T04:36:58Z","timestamp":1781239018009,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We tested the hypothesis that integrated sympathetic and cardiovascular reflexes are modulated by systemic CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> differently in hypoxia than in hyperoxia (n = 7). Subjects performed a CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> rebreathe protocol that equilibrates CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> partial pressures between arterial and venous blood and that elevates end tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (PET<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>) from ~40 to ~58 mmHg. This test was repeated under conditions where end tidal oxygen levels were clamped at 50 (hypoxia) or 200 (hyperoxia) mmHg. Heart rate (HR; EKG), stroke volume (SV; Doppler ultrasound), blood pressure (MAP; finger plethysmograph), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were measured continuously during the two protocols. MAP at 40 mmHg PET<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> (i.e., the first minute of the rebreathe) was greater during hypoxia versus hyperoxia (P &lt; 0.05). However, the increase in MAP during the rebreathe (P &lt; 0.05) was similar in hypoxia (16\u00b13 mmHg) and hyperoxia (17 \u00b1 2 mmHg PET<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>). The increase in cardiac output (Q) at 55 mmHg PET<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> was greater in hypoxia (2.61 \u00b1 0.7 L\/min) versus hyperoxia (1.09 \u00b1 0.44 L\/min) (P &lt; 0.05). In both conditions the increase in Q was due to elevations in both HR and SV (P &lt; 0.05). Systemic vascular conductance (SVC) increased to similar absolute levels in both conditions but rose earlier during hypoxia (&gt;50 mmHg PET<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub>) than hyperoxia (&gt;55 mmHg). MSNA increased earlier during hypoxic hypercapnia (&gt;45 mmHg) compared with hyperoxic hypercapnia (&gt;55 mmHg). Thus, in these conscious humans, the dose\u0096response effect of PET<jats:sub>CO2<\/jats:sub> on the integrated cardiovascular responses was shifted to the left during hypoxic hypercapnia. The combined data indicate that peripheral chemoreceptors exert important influence over cardiovascular reflex responses to hypercapnia. Key words: blood pressure, cardiac output, muscle sympathetic nerve activity, sympathetic nervous system, end tidal CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, hypoxia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/y02-148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,28]],"date-time":"2003-02-28T15:20:57Z","timestamp":1046445657000},"page":"1136-1144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Peripheral chemoreceptor contributions to sympathetic and cardiovascular responses during hypercapnia"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"J K","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Vovk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D A","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"p_1\/p_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012152","volume":"274","author":"Angell-James J.E.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. 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