{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:06:52Z","timestamp":1791644812100,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Until recently, intact protein that is rich in tryptophan was not seen as an alternative to pharmaceutical-grade tryptophan because protein also contains large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) that compete for transport sites across the blood\u2013brain barrier. Recent evidence indicates that when deoiled gourd seed (a rich source of tryptophan with approximately 22\u00a0mg\/g protein) is combined with glucose (a carbohydrate that reduces serum levels of competing LNAAs) a clinical effect similar to that of pharmaceutical-grade tryptophan is achieved. Objective and subjective measures of anxiety in those suffering from social phobia (also known as social anxiety disorder) were employed to measure changes in anxiety in response to a stimulus as part of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with a wash-out period of 1 week between study sessions. Subjects were randomly assigned to start with either (i) protein-source tryptophan (deoiled gourd seed) in combination with carbohydrate or (ii) carbohydrate alone. One week after the initial session, subjects returned for a follow-up session and received the opposite treatment of that received at the first session. All 7 subjects who began the study completed the 2-week protocol. Protein-source tryptophan with carbohydrate, but not carbohydrate alone, resulted in significant improvement on an objective measure of anxiety. Protein-source tryptophan combined with a high glycemic carbohydrate is a potential anxiolytic to those suffering from social phobia. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/y07-082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,7]],"date-time":"2007-12-07T16:16:55Z","timestamp":1197044215000},"page":"928-932","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Protein-source tryptophan as an efficacious treatment for social anxiety disorder: a pilot studyThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products."],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Craig","family":"Hudson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitby Mental Health Centre, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, ON L1N\u00a05S9, Canada."},{"name":"Biosential Inc., 1543 Bayview Avenue, Suite 346, Toronto, ON M4G\u00a03B5, Canada."},{"name":"Stratford General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 46 General Hospital Drive, Stratford, ON N5A\u00a02Y6, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitby Mental Health Centre, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, ON L1N\u00a05S9, Canada."},{"name":"Biosential Inc., 1543 Bayview Avenue, Suite 346, Toronto, ON M4G\u00a03B5, Canada."},{"name":"Stratford General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 46 General Hospital Drive, Stratford, ON N5A\u00a02Y6, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Whitby Mental Health Centre, 700 Gordon Street, Whitby, ON L1N\u00a05S9, Canada."},{"name":"Biosential Inc., 1543 Bayview Avenue, Suite 346, Toronto, ON M4G\u00a03B5, Canada."},{"name":"Stratford General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, 46 General Hospital Drive, Stratford, ON N5A\u00a02Y6, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"atypb1\/ref1","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC."},{"key":"atypb2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12622.x"},{"key":"atypb3\/ref3","first-page":"122","volume":"164","author":"Bliss E.L.","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"atypb4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/00048678809158946","volume":"22","author":"Boman B.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb5\/ref5","unstructured":"Endler, N.S., Edwards, J.M., and Vitelli, R. 1991a. Endler multidimensional anxiety scales (EMAS): Manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services."},{"key":"atypb6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.60.6.919"},{"key":"atypb7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1978.tb10489.x"},{"key":"atypb8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.173.3992.149"},{"key":"atypb9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.178.4059.414"},{"key":"atypb10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1994.154","volume":"56","author":"Flockhart D.A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"atypb12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/62.4.871S","volume":"62","author":"Foster-Powell K.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"atypb13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199003293221301","volume":"322","author":"Hertzman P.A.","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"atypb14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10284150500069561"},{"key":"atypb15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/34.3.362","volume":"34","author":"Jenkins D.J.A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"atypb16\/ref16","unstructured":"Judd, C.M., and McClelland, G.H. 1989. Statistical analysis: A model comparison approach. Harcourt Brace Janovich, Orlando, Florida."},{"key":"atypb17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01250997"},{"key":"atypb18\/ref18","first-page":"337","volume":"25","author":"Levitan R.D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Psychiatry Neurosci."},{"key":"atypb19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/47.3.433","volume":"47","author":"Lyons P.M.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"atypb20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(82)90185-8"},{"key":"atypb21\/ref21","unstructured":"Myer, B. 2000. The golden thread. Harper Collins Canada, Toronto. pp.\u00a0213\u2013214 and 262\u2013263."},{"key":"atypb22\/ref22","first-page":"S274","volume":"37","author":"Okada S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"atypb23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.140.5.484","volume":"140","author":"Pecknold J.C.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02412126"},{"key":"atypb25\/ref25","unstructured":"Strydom, D.J., Andersen, T.T., Apostol, I., Fox, J.W., Paxton, R.J., and Crabb, J.W. 1993. Cysteine and tryptophan amino acid analysis of ABRF92-AAA. In Techniques in protein chemistry IV. Edited by R.H. Angeletti. Academic Press, Inc., Burlington, Mass. pp. 279\u2013288."},{"key":"atypb26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199807000-00018","volume":"60","author":"Watkins L.L.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"atypb27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4274(97)00048-9"},{"key":"atypb28\/ref28","unstructured":"Young, S.N. 1986. The clinical psychopharmacology of tryptophan. In Nutrition and the brain, Vol.\u00a07. Edited by R.J. Wurtman and J.J. Wurtman, Raven Press, New York. pp.\u00a049\u201388."}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/Y07-082","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/Y07-082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T17:08:19Z","timestamp":1578244099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/10.1139\/Y07-082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/Y07-082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/y07-082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4212","1205-7541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4212","type":"print"},{"value":"1205-7541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}