{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T22:26:47Z","timestamp":1750112807757},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Exposure to tobacco smoke is known to have deleterious cardiovascular effects. In this study, we tested whether exposure to tobacco smoke exacerbates the severity of viral myocarditis in mice. Viral myocarditis was generated in 4-week-old male BALB\/c mice by injection of Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV). Four groups were studied: (1) control (C, no smoke and no virus); (2) smoke only (S, exposure to cigarette smoke for 90\u00a0min\/day for 15\u00a0days); (3) virus only (V); and (4) exposure to smoke for 5\u00a0days before plus 10\u00a0days following virus injection (S+V). We found that viral inoculation preceded by smoke exposure increased mortality more than twofold compared with virus inoculation alone. In addition, the mRNA level of atrial natriuretic factor was significantly higher in S+V than among any of the other 3 groups. Virus injection significantly decreased cardiac function compared with controls, with further deterioration observed in the S+V group. We also observed a significantly increased rate of apoptosis, with an increased activation of apoptosis-inducing factor in hearts exposed to S+V compared with those exposed to V alone. Our results suggest that preexposure to smoke significantly exacerbates the severity of viral myocarditis, likely through increased viral load and increased cardiomyocyte cell death. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/y10-003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,16]],"date-time":"2010-06-16T16:52:46Z","timestamp":1276707166000},"page":"568-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exacerbation of acute viral myocarditis by tobacco smoke is associated with increased viral load and cardiac apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Soochan","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA."},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth\u2019s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingen","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA."},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth\u2019s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young Youp","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA."},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth\u2019s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wooseung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA."},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth\u2019s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun H.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA."},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth\u2019s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA."},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth\u2019s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA."},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Caritas St. Elizabeth\u2019s Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02135, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"rg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.12.047"},{"key":"rg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2861"},{"key":"rg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11621-11629.2001"},{"key":"rg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00822.2004"},{"key":"rg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.20.11040-11050.2004"},{"key":"rg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.521708"},{"key":"rg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1998.0422"},{"key":"rg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00645.x"},{"key":"rg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00692-5"},{"key":"rg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4914(03)00025-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"rg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.87.2.118","volume":"87","author":"Kang P.M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ. 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