{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T23:36:56Z","timestamp":1768520216880,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Under extreme conditions of heat exposure and exercise stress, the human body undergoes major physiological changes. Perturbations in organ blood flows, gastrointestinal properties, and vascular physiology may impact the body\u2019s ability to absorb, distribute, and eliminate drugs. Clinical studies on the effect of these stressors on drug pharmacokinetics demonstrate that the likelihood of pharmacokinetic alteration is dependent on drug properties and the intensity of the stressor. The objectives of this study were to use literature data to quantify the correlation between exercise and heat exposure intensity to changing physiological parameters and further, to use this information for the parameterization of a whole-body, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for the purposes of determining those drug properties most likely to demonstrate altered drug pharmacokinetics under stress. Cardiac output and most organ blood flows were correlated with heart rate using regression analysis. Other altered parameters included hematocrit and intravascular albumin concentration. Pharmacokinetic simulations of intravenous and oral administration of hypothetical drugs with either a low or high value of lipophilicity, unbound fraction in plasma, and unbound intrinsic hepatic clearance demonstrated that the area under the curve of those drugs with a high unbound intrinsic clearance was most affected (up to a 130% increase) following intravenous administration, whereas following oral administration, pharmacokinetic changes were smaller (&lt;40% increase in area under the curve) for all hypothetical compounds. A midazolam physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was also used to demonstrate that simulated changes in pharmacokinetic parameters under exercise and heat stress were generally consistent with those reported in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/y11-030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,3]],"date-time":"2011-06-03T07:23:17Z","timestamp":1307085797000},"page":"365-382","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Simulation of differential drug pharmacokinetics under heat and exercise stress using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling approach"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Pardeep","family":"Sidhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L\u00a03G1, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry T.","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Research and Development Canada\u00a0\u2013 Toronto, 1133 Sheppard Avenue West, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bob","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defence Research and Development Canada\u00a0\u2013 Toronto, 1133 Sheppard Avenue West, Toronto, ON M3M 3B9, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Edginton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L\u00a03G1, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine. 2005. ACSM\u2019s advanced exercise physiology. 1st ed.Edited byCharles M. Tipton, and Michael N. Sawka. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, New York."},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1985.sp015794","volume":"366","author":"Andersen P.","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00981142"},{"issue":"10","key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/163.10.687","volume":"163","author":"Ashkenazi I.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01774.x","volume":"10","author":"Aslaksen A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.5.829","volume":"19","author":"Astrand P.O.","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","unstructured":"Benet, L.Z., Kroetz, D.L., and Sheiner, L.B. 1996. Pharmacokinetics. The dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination.InGoodman and Gilman\u2019s The pharmacological basis of therapeutics.Edited byJ.G. Hardman, L.E. Limbird, P.B. Molinoff, R.W. Ruddon, and A. Goodman Gilman. McGraw-Hill, New York. pp.\u00a03\u201327."},{"issue":"2","key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1967.47.2.178","volume":"47","author":"Beveg\u00e5rd B.S.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02225.x"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.1076"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2004.00547.x"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01281.2006"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.23.11.957"},{"issue":"5","key":"refg14\/ref14","first-page":"E821","volume":"258","author":"Carraro F.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.5.223S"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1977.tb38194.x"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104136"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.76.3.539","volume":"76","author":"Christie J.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg19\/ref19","first-page":"167","volume":"183","author":"Clapp J.F.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1973.225.3.675","volume":"225","author":"Clausen J.P.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-30"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.48.4.665","volume":"48","author":"Convertino V.A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.48.4.657","volume":"48","author":"Convertino V.A.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1955.sp005304","volume":"128","author":"Cooper K.E.","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"refg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1974.36.5.608","volume":"36","author":"Costill D.L.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.32.4.506","volume":"32","author":"Detry J.M.","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-198510050-00004"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800073"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200847110-00005"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200645100-00005"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02850355"},{"key":"refg32\/ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.4.9.1143"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1956.sp005669","volume":"134","author":"Edholm O.G.","year":"1956","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-097X.1994.tb00419.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.53.4.851","volume":"53","author":"Feldman M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.331","volume":"23","author":"Fordtran J.S.","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.895ba.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.3.1032","volume":"86","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Alonso J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.142158"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg40\/ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.32.3.361","volume":"32","author":"Gorlin R.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"refg41\/ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2281.2001.00308.x"},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y91-179"},{"issue":"6","key":"refg43\/ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.6.1294","volume":"20","author":"Grimby G.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.6.925","volume":"39","author":"Harrison M.H.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.50.3.597","volume":"50","author":"Harrison M.H.","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(81)90300-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg47\/ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.29.1.82","volume":"29","author":"Hermansen L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg48\/ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101912"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg49\/ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930173","volume":"51","author":"Hinghofer-Szalkay H.G.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg50\/ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.4.1126","volume":"82","author":"Ho C.W.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg51\/ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(99)00057-X"},{"key":"refg52\/ref52","unstructured":"International Commission on Radiological Protection. 2002. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. ICRP Publication 89. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam."},{"issue":"6","key":"refg53\/ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1975.39.6.920","volume":"39","author":"Johnson J.M.","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg54\/ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00542343"},{"issue":"5","key":"refg55\/ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.5.1825","volume":"73","author":"J\u00f8rgensen L.G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg56\/ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.3.1123","volume":"72","author":"J\u00f8rgensen L.G.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg57\/ref57","first-page":"187","volume":"2","author":"Joye H.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports"},{"key":"refg58\/ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101165"},{"issue":"5","key":"refg59\/ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.5.1186","volume":"52","author":"Kanstrup I.L.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg60\/ref60","first-page":"292","volume":"3","author":"Khazaeinia T.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"refg61\/ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.628"},{"key":"refg62\/ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1961.16.5.869","volume":"16","author":"Koroxenidis G.T.","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"refg63\/ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1913.sp001616","volume":"47","author":"Krogh A.","year":"1913","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"refg64\/ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200108000-00005"},{"key":"refg65\/ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000152730.74596.50"},{"key":"refg66\/ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.2.183"},{"issue":"6","key":"refg67\/ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(84)90190-2","volume":"87","author":"Malagelada J.R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg68\/ref68","first-page":"62","volume":"2","author":"Marsh T.D.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"refg69\/ref69","unstructured":"McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., and Katch, V.L. 2005. Cardiovascular dynamics during exercise.InEssentials of exercise physiology. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, New York. pp.\u00a0352\u2013362."},{"key":"refg70\/ref70","unstructured":"McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I., and Katch, V.L. 2006. Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition and human performance. 6th ed. Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, New York."},{"issue":"1","key":"refg71\/ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.80.1.62","volume":"80","author":"Middlekauff H.R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"refg72\/ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI103636"},{"key":"refg73\/ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01536914"},{"key":"refg74\/ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(73)90892-9"},{"key":"refg75\/ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00169.2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg76\/ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1980.49.4.715","volume":"49","author":"Nadel E.R.","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg77\/ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.3.867","volume":"86","author":"Nagashima K.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg78\/ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.3.2.235"},{"key":"refg79\/ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00643521"},{"key":"refg80\/ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00943365"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg81\/ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.69.3.1040","volume":"69","author":"Nielsen B.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"refg82\/ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00049.2002","volume":"93","author":"Nybo L.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg83\/ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.11.009"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg84\/ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.155.3.3890004","volume":"155","author":"Ohnishi K.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"refg85\/ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/94.4.635"},{"key":"refg86\/ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006231-198702000-00009"},{"key":"refg87\/ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.32.040192.003203"},{"key":"refg88\/ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.03000.x"},{"key":"refg89\/ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198401020-00003"},{"key":"refg90\/ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200109000-00017"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg91\/ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.4.1911","volume":"75","author":"Richardson R.S.","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg92\/ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20502"},{"key":"refg93\/ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20322"},{"key":"refg94\/ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20323"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg95\/ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.1.75","volume":"54","author":"Rowell L.B.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg96\/ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1965.20.3.384","volume":"20","author":"Rowell L.B.","year":"1965","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"refg97\/ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1969.27.5.673","volume":"27","author":"Rowell L.B.","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg98\/ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1970.28.4.415","volume":"28","author":"Rowell L.B.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg99\/ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1964.19.6.1125","volume":"19","author":"Saltin B.","year":"1964","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"refg100\/ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1988.64.2.649","volume":"64","author":"Savard G.K.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg101\/ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00711.x"},{"key":"refg102\/ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91205-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg103\/ref103","first-page":"159","volume":"29","author":"Simmons R.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Int. Z. Angew. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg104\/ref104","first-page":"R271","volume":"243","author":"Sj\u00f8gaard G.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"refg105\/ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1952.4.8.659","volume":"4","author":"Smith J.H.","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg106\/ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00705084"},{"key":"refg107\/ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430200302"},{"issue":"6","key":"refg108\/ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2458","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.6.2458","volume":"72","author":"Spina R.J.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg109\/ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050119"},{"key":"refg110\/ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1992.58"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg111\/ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29719-1","volume":"188","author":"Swartz R.D.","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"refg112\/ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198104000-00009"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg113\/ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.1.236","volume":"71","author":"Tankersley C.G.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"refg114\/ref114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.2.744","volume":"67","author":"Thomas S.N.","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg115\/ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(66)90440-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg116\/ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1972.33.1.55","volume":"33","author":"Van Beaumont W.","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg117\/ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-003-1007-z"},{"key":"refg118\/ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192738"},{"key":"refg119\/ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199834040-00004"},{"key":"refg120\/ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00265959"},{"key":"refg121\/ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050208"},{"key":"refg122\/ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-4-13"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg123\/ref123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1983.55.1.69","volume":"55","author":"Vroman N.B.","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"refg124\/ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106772"},{"key":"refg125\/ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00430955"},{"key":"refg126\/ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2001.9269"},{"key":"refg127\/ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000003373.72652.c0"},{"key":"refg128\/ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm030999b"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg129\/ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03633.x","volume":"29","author":"Wills R.J.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"refg130\/ref130","first-page":"262","volume":"38","author":"Wright M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Sports Med. Phys. Fitness"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg131\/ref131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.2.584","volume":"84","author":"Yang R.C.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"refg132\/ref132","first-page":"548","volume":"23","author":"Ylitalo P.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol."},{"key":"refg133\/ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00562453"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/y11-030","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/y11-030","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T23:12:19Z","timestamp":1741216339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/10.1139\/y11-030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/y11-030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/y11-030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4212","1205-7541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4212","type":"print"},{"value":"1205-7541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]}}}