{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T20:44:06Z","timestamp":1698525846463},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]],"date-time":"1985-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":486432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The acute intrathecal (i.t.) administration of 10, 25, 50, and 100\u2002\u03bcg morphine and 7.5, 10, 15, and 30\u2002\u03bcg (\u2212)norepinephrine (NE) to the rat produced dose-dependent, long-lasting analgesia as assessed by the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. For i.t. morphine, maximum analgesia was observed 30\u201360\u2002min after drug administration. The duration of analgesia in the tail-flick test ranged from 30 to 150\u2002min; the duration of analgesia in the hot-plate test ranged from 60 to 120\u2002min. For i.t. NE, maximum analgesia was observed 15\u201360\u2002min after drug infusion. The duration of NE-induced analgesia in the hot-plate test ranged from 45 to 120\u2002min and was 120\u2002min in the tail-flick test. The effects of acute i.t. and intravenous (i.v.) infusions of morphine (10\u2002\u03bcg) and NE (15\u2002\u03bcg) on heart rate, blood pressure, arterial pH, partial pressure of oxygen [Formula: see text], partial pressure of carbon dioxide [Formula: see text], and standard bicarbonate were determined over 45\u2002min in rats anesthetized with \u03b1-chloralose (70\u2002mg\/kg). Morphine significantly decreased [Formula: see text] throughout the experiment but did not affect blood pressure, heart rate, pH, [Formula: see text] and standard bicarbonate. A significant increase in blood pressure (137% of control) was observed 2.5\u2002min after i.t. administration of NE. Intravenous NE produced a marked increase in blood pressure (246% of control) followed by a compensatory decrease in heart rate. There were no significant changes in blood gases with i.t. and i.v. NE. The data suggest that i.t. morphine and NE can produce effective analgesia with minimal effects on cardiovascular and respiratory function. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/y85-109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,24]],"date-time":"2011-04-24T04:53:38Z","timestamp":1303620818000},"page":"656-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Analgesia and autonomic function following intrathecal administration of morphine and norepinephrine to the rat"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"C. W.","family":"Loomis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. W.","family":"Cervenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Jhamandas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Sutak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"155","container-title":["Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/y85-109","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,5]],"date-time":"2020-01-05T11:22:15Z","timestamp":1578223335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/10.1139\/y85-109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/y85-109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/y85-109","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4212","1205-7541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4212","type":"print"},{"value":"1205-7541","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1985,6,1]]}}}