{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T18:25:56Z","timestamp":1771871156804,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> We aimed to assess the effects of off-the-shelf leucine metabolite supplements on phase angle (PhA), bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) patterns and strength during an 8-week resistance training protocol. Fifty-three male participants were allocated into 4 groups: \u03b1-hydroxyisocaproic acid (n = 12, age = 30.9\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3 years), \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate free acid (n = 12, age = 31.0\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3 years), calcium \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate (n = 15, age = 32.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2 years) or placebo (n = 14, age = 28.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.6 years). Bioimpedance parameters and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) for back squat and bench press were assessed at baseline and at the end of weeks 4 and 8. Additionally, fat-free mass and fat mass were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. No statistically group by time interactions were found, even adjusting for age. PhA and vector did not change over the training period, while time-dependent increases were observed for 1RM back squat and 1RM bench press. A direct association was observed between PhA and 1RM bench press changes (whole sample), while PhA and strength were correlated throughout the study, even when adjusting for fat-free mass and percentage of fat mass. Leucine metabolites have no effect on PhA, BIVA patterns or strength during an 8-week resistance training program, in resistance trained subjects. The trial was registered at ClincicalTrials.gov: NCT03511092. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Novelty: Supplementation with leucine metabolites is not a supplementation strategy that improves bioelectrical phase angle, cellular health, and strength after an 8-week resistance training program. When consuming a high protein diet, none of the \u03b1-hydroxyisocaproic acid, \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate free acid, and calcium \u03b2-hydroxy-\u03b2-methylbutyrate metabolites resulted in an ergogenic effect in resistance trained men. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T21:41:54Z","timestamp":1608327714000},"page":"669-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Leucine metabolites do not induce changes in phase angle, bioimpedance vector analysis patterns, and strength in resistance trained men"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Campa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy."}]},{"given":"C.N.","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDEFES \u2212 Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal."},{"name":"Bioperformance & Nutrition Research Unit, Ingrediente M\u00e9trico S.A., 2740-262 Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"given":"F.J.","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioperformance & Nutrition Research Unit, Ingrediente M\u00e9trico S.A., 2740-262 Lisbon, Portugal."},{"name":"CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies), Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal."}]},{"given":"J.F.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal."},{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal."}]},{"given":"M.J.","family":"Valamatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal."},{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal."}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Toselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy."}]},{"given":"C.P.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal."},{"name":"Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal."}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12353"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0039"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0574-3166"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2018-0676"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16245066"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2019-0285"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041161"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178819"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-011-1905-4"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.02.011"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-198806030-00003"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1601-9"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003461"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003594"},{"issue":"7","key":"refg15\/ref15","first-page":"749","volume":"55","author":"Mascherini G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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