{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T16:10:04Z","timestamp":1751472604675,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. Geotech. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> It is now accepted that current expeditious models for determining earth pressures on flexible underground structures under compacted layers do not include several technical nuances of the soil\u2013structure interaction. Thus, these models are not capable of delivering an optimized design. The present paper compares the results from the well-known American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) model with two different numerical models \u2014 a user-friendly elastic model and a more robust finite element model \u2014 and with results retrieved from a full-scale monitoring of a concrete box culvert, 5.5 m high and 3.77 m width, over which a 15 m high embankment was built. This structure was instrumented selectively, over a period of almost 1 year, during which several parameters were recorded, including earth pressures and structural deformation. Results have shown that the two most significant drawbacks associated with the use of the AASHTO model are the inadequate evaluation of vertical pressure on the top slab and the coefficient of earth pressure, which results in a significant overestimation of the lateral pressures and, consequently, in an overall inefficient design of the structure. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cgj-2018-0506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T21:34:50Z","timestamp":1536356090000},"page":"970-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Experimental behaviour of concrete box culverts \u2014 comparison with current codes of practice"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Nuno","family":"Cristelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CQ-VR, Department of Engineering, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LABEST, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Figueiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT-LABEST, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal."}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","unstructured":"AASHTO. 2002. Standard specifications for highway bridges. 17th ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials."},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","unstructured":"AASHTO. 2010. LRFD bridge design specifications. 5th ed. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials."},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:4(331)"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","unstructured":"BSI . 2004. BS EN 1992: 2004 - Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures. Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. British Standards Institution, London."},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","unstructured":"Canadian Geotechnical Society. 1992. Canadian foundation engineering manual. 3rd ed. Canadian Geotechnical Society."},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2015.05.014"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2013.03.006"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000098"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2016.05.026"},{"issue":"3","key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:3(216)","volume":"122","author":"Ebeling R.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Geotechnical Engineering"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","unstructured":"ISRM. 1980. Basic geotechnical description of rock masses. International Society for Rock Mechanics, Commission on Classification of Rocks and Rock Masses. Pergamon Press."},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.628"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:1(20)"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","unstructured":"Lawson, W., Wood, T., Newhouse, C., and Jayawickrama, P. 2010. Evaluating existing culverts for load capacity allowing for soil structure interaction. Report No. 0-5849-1. Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, Texas."},{"issue":"1","key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11440-010-0131-2","volume":"6","author":"Lirer S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Geotechnica"},{"issue":"31","key":"refg17\/ref17","volume":"11","author":"Marston A.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts"},{"issue":"96","key":"refg18\/ref18","volume":"6","author":"Marston M.G.","year":"1930","journal-title":"Highway Research Board Proceeding"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.732","volume":"33","author":"Ng T.-T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/t11-033"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/t2012-094"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:4(366)"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","unstructured":"Rodrigues, C. 2011. Monitoring of civil engineering structures based on optical fibre solutions. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto. [In Portuguese.]"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)PS.1949-1204.0000291","volume":"8","author":"Shatnawi A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","unstructured":"Yang, M. 2000. Evaluation of factors affecting earth pressures on buried box culverts. Ph.D. thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville."}],"container-title":["Canadian Geotechnical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/cgj-2018-0506","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/cgj-2018-0506","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T15:31:02Z","timestamp":1751470262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/cgj-2018-0506"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/cgj-2018-0506"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cgj-2018-0506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-3674","1208-6010"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0008-3674"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1208-6010"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-31","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}