{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T21:01:43Z","timestamp":1762376503010,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Botany"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Currently there are three species (i.e., traditional morphospecies) in Canada assigned to the genus Ralfsia sensu lato, which we establish is not monophyletic even after excluding \u201cspecies\u201d now known to apply to alternate stages in the life histories of non-ralfsialean species. These species include R. fungiformis (Gunnerus) Setchell &amp; N.L.Gardner and R. pacifica Hollenberg in the Pacific, and R. fungiformis and R. verrucosa (J.E.Areschoug) J.E.Areschoug in the Atlantic. However, a DNA barcode survey of Ralfsiales in Canada using the markers COI-5P and rbcL-3P revealed five genetic groups assignable to Ralfsia sensu stricto (i.e., includes only species assigned to this genus based on phylogenetic analyses). Further complicating matters, of the three species listed previously as occurring in Canada only the type species R. fungiformis is assignable to Ralfsia sensu stricto. Ralfsia pacifica and R. verrucosa did not group with the generitype and thus are not assignable to Ralfsia sensu stricto; further, they did not group with the family Ralfsiaceae. They will be presented in a subsequent manuscript. The four other genetic groups in Canada assignable to Ralfsia sensu stricto are new species of which three are described here: Ralfsia robertii sp. nov., Ralfsia tenebris sp. nov., and Ralfsia unimaculata sp. nov. The fourth consisted of a single sterile specimen from Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, and was not characterized. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjb-2018-0138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T20:47:53Z","timestamp":1548190073000},"page":"135-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A molecular survey of <i>Ralfsia<\/i> sensu stricto (Ralfsiales, Phaeophyceae) in Canada uncovers three new species: <i>R<\/i>. <i>robertii<\/i> sp. nov., <i>R<\/i>. <i>tenebris<\/i> sp. nov., and <i>R<\/i>. <i>unimaculata<\/i> sp. nov."],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Manuela I.","family":"Parente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\/InBio, Universidade dos A\u00e7ores, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Ponta Delgada, Rua da M\u00e3e de Deus, 13A."}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Environmental and Molecular Algal Research, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada."}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","unstructured":"Abbott, I.A., and Hollenberg, G.J. 1976. 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The figures by James De Carle Sowerby, F.L.S. &c. Vol. III. Sold by the proprietor, J. Sowerby, 3 Mead Place, Lambeth, Longman and Co. and Sherworrd and Co., Patenoster Row, London, UK. pp. viii\u20132867."},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","first-page":"225","volume":"55","author":"Tanaka J.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Bot."},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor, W.R. 1957. Marine algae of the northeastern coast of North America. The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, Mich.","DOI":"10.3998\/mpub.12946796"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","unstructured":"Womersley, H.B.S. 1987. The marine benthic flora of southern Australia. South Australian Government Printing Division, Adelaide, Australia."},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","first-page":"1","volume":"50","author":"Wynne M.J.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Univ. Calif. Publ. 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