{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T07:14:50Z","timestamp":1776755690030,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Emerging Leaders in the Americas Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Civ. Eng."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The rapid growth of additive construction emphasizes the need for developing testing methodologies specific to cement-based 3D-printed components. This study performs a comprehensive comparative analysis of the physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics of specimens fabricated through 3D printing versus those created using traditional mold-casting techniques. This research aims to inform and support standardization efforts in the field of additive construction, both within Canada and globally. Additionally, the research provides insights into material characterization to inform the development of numerical modeling strategies tailored for 3D-printed structural elements. The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed to examine strain behavior and generate stress-strain curves. The results showed a significant strength reduction and strain concentration at the interlayer surfaces of the 3D-printed specimens. Concluding recommendations include the adoption of the oblique shear test for shear strength assessment and the four-point flexural strength for evaluating interlayer bond strength in cement-based 3D-printed members. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjce-2024-0169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T21:33:50Z","timestamp":1729892030000},"page":"388-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative analysis of mold-cast and 3D-printed cement-based components: implications for standardization in additive construction"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Juliana S.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor","place":["Windsor, Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, State University of Maring\u00e1","place":["Maring\u00e1, Brazil"]}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0586-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos V.G.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor","place":["Windsor, Canada"]}]},{"given":"Romel D.","family":"Vanderlei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, State University of Maring\u00e1","place":["Maring\u00e1, Brazil"]}]},{"given":"Sreekanta","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Windsor","place":["Windsor, Canada"]}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-10-195-2018"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2015"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2016"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","first-page":"4","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2016"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2016"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2017"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2020"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2020"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2021"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2021"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2021"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","first-page":"5","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2021"},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","first-page":"12","volume-title":"Annual book of ASTM standards","author":"ASTM International","year":"2021"},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10111314"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2006.05.002"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.127394"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104814"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","volume-title":"Unified facilities criteria (UFC) 3-301-01","author":"Department of Defense","year":"2022"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2019.04.008"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2020.103724"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","volume-title":"US1219272A: process of constructing concrete buildings","author":"Edison T.A.","year":"1917"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2015.12.006"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","volume-title":"Critical and emerging technologies list update","author":"Fast Track Action Subcommittee on Critical and Emerging Technologies","year":"2022"},{"key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2021.103993"},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102569"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.126743"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106695"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104438"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2019.03.008"},{"key":"refg32\/ref32","volume-title":"first","author":"ISO, and ASTM International","year":"2023"},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.105787"},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2019.02.015"},{"key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101740"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2011.12.003"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125572"},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2022.104742"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engstruct.2023.115865"},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.102933"},{"key":"refg41\/ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2022.106800"},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14040752"},{"key":"refg43\/ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14040752"},{"key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106559"},{"key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nematollahi B., Xia M., Sanjayan J. 2017. Current progress of 3D concrete printing technologies. ISARC 2017\u2014Proceedings of the 34th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, (June): 260\u2013267. doi:10.22260\/isarc2017\/0035.","DOI":"10.22260\/isarc2017\/0035"},{"key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40996-020-00370-4"},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2017.07.123"},{"key":"refg48\/ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-5805(96)00166-5"},{"key":"refg49\/ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.116710"},{"key":"refg50\/ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2018.04.005"},{"key":"refg51\/ref51","volume-title":"Butterworth-Heinemann","author":"Sanjayan J.G.","year":"2019"},{"key":"refg52\/ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjce-2023-0395"},{"key":"refg53\/ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2022.126616"},{"key":"refg54\/ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103860"},{"key":"refg55\/ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.103400"},{"key":"refg56\/ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125819"},{"key":"refg57\/ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2021.106535"},{"key":"refg58\/ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103546"},{"key":"refg59\/ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.02.017"},{"key":"refg60\/ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2019.02.017"},{"key":"refg61\/ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2023.105048"},{"key":"refg62\/ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104313"},{"key":"refg63\/ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2020.101712"},{"key":"refg64\/ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102327"},{"key":"refg65\/ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconcomp.2021.104310"},{"key":"refg66\/ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2021.102568"},{"key":"refg67\/ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2021.125809"},{"key":"refg68\/ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102948"},{"key":"refg69\/ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2021.102948"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/cjce-2024-0169","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/cjce-2024-0169","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T15:11:58Z","timestamp":1751469118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/cjce-2024-0169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/cjce-2024-0169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjce-2024-0169","relation":{},"ISSN":["0315-1468","1208-6029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0315-1468","type":"print"},{"value":"1208-6029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}