{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T19:53:44Z","timestamp":1775937224823,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. J. Zool."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Haemocytes play a major role in molluscs immunity. Functional studies are, however, impaired by limited available experimental tools to identify and sort distinct haemocyte populations. Therefore, using nonlethal methods, we aimed at evaluating whether lectin staining combined with flow cytometry could be used to distinguish circulating haemocyte populations from two freshwater bivalves of the family Unionidae, the duck mussel (Anodonta anatina (L., 1758)) and the swan mussel (Anodonta cygnea (L., 1758)). Based on classical classification, haemocytes were distinguished as granulocytes and hyalinocytes and cytological features were visualized using transmission microscopy and staining techniques. Size, granularity, viability, and surface staining using lectins as specific probes were analysed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The microscopic proportions of granulocytes and hyalinocytes significantly differed, being of 70% and 30% for A. cygnea and of 85% and 15% for A. anatina, respectively. Two haemocyte populations were sorted by flow cytometry based on size and granularity and confirmed as granulocytes and hyalinocytes. Interestingly, two different granulocyte populations could be further discriminated in A. cygnea according to their binding affinity to wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), whereas granulocytes of A. anatina all stained similarly. Our results show that WGA labelling combined with flow cytometry can be used to better discriminate Anodonta haemocyte populations and obtain purified populations for functional studies. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/cjz-2017-0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T21:35:12Z","timestamp":1503437712000},"page":"937-947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification of distinct haemocyte populations from the freshwater bivalves swan mussel (<i>Anodonta<\/i> <i>cygnea<\/i>) and duck mussel (<i>Anodonta<\/i> <i>anatina<\/i>) using wheat-germ agglutinin"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Hinzmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS (Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences), Department of Aquatic Production, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos s\/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal."}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lopes-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO\/InBIO (Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agr\u00e1rio de Vair\u00e3o, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal."}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Cerca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS (Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences), Department of Aquatic Production, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"IBMC (Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal."}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBMC (Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"I3S (Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto Portugal."}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS (Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences), Department of Aquatic Production, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leix\u00f5es, Avenida General Norton de Matos s\/n 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal."}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Vilanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS (Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences), Department of Aquatic Production, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n.\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"IBMC (Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"I3S (Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto Portugal."}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/fsim.2001.0389"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-8166(98)80068-2"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-305X(88)90071-7"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3207(88)90056-0"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-559"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-006-9003-5"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/33.6.599"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.56.2.361","volume":"56","author":"Brand A.R.","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2009.00148.x"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1247\/csf.20.355"},{"key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao029127"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","first-page":"144","volume":"44","author":"Chang S.J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Zool. Stud."},{"key":"refg13\/ref13","unstructured":"Cheng, T.C. 1981. Bivalves. In Invertebrate blood cells. Vol. I. Edited by N.A. Ratcliffe and A.F. Rowley. Academic Press, London. pp. 231\u2013300."},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2011(03)00015-6"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.b.21102"},{"key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00063-4"},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-9629(95)00086-M"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2003.08.007"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","first-page":"149","volume":"7","author":"Gir\u00f3n-P\u00e9rez M.I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invertebr. Survival J."},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","first-page":"149","volume":"45","author":"Glinski Z.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp."},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2003.09.009"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mollus\/eym029"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao065159"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(03)00236-3"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0981(03)00235-1"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/fsim.1998.0205"},{"key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2013.818149"},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.20320"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2011(82)90038-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg29\/ref29","first-page":"177","volume":"48","author":"Ittoop G.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J. Fish."},{"key":"refg52\/ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1990.tb00993.x"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2983\/035.032.0330"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1996.4639"},{"key":"refg32\/ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02121"},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.112.23.4233","volume":"112","author":"Mitta G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318165"},{"key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.110103"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jipa.1996.4626"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","unstructured":"Neves, R.J., Bogan, A.E., Williams, J.D., Ahlstedt, S.A., and Hartfield, P.W. 1997. Status of aquatic mollusks in the southeastern United States: a downward spiral of diversity. In Aquatic fauna in peril: the southeastern perspective. Edited by G.W. Benz and D.E. Collins. Southeast Aquatic Research Institute, Decatur, Ga. pp. 45\u201386."},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2015.11.010"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318667"},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-4648(95)80043-3"},{"key":"refg41\/ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050899"},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057384"},{"key":"refg43\/ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2013.01.021"},{"key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.03.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238297","volume":"233","author":"Smith V.J.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(02)00039-9"},{"key":"refg48\/ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.03.020"},{"key":"refg49\/ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308734101"},{"key":"refg50\/ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-4648(02)00161-4"},{"key":"refg51\/ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/fsim.2001.0335"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Zoology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/cjz-2017-0006","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/cjz-2017-0006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T16:11:47Z","timestamp":1751472707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/cjz-2017-0006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/cjz-2017-0006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjz-2017-0006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4301","1480-3283"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4301","type":"print"},{"value":"1480-3283","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-01-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-06-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-08-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}