{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:45:20Z","timestamp":1761648320153,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["cdnsciencepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Environ. Rev."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The analysis of metals in different tissues of raptors has been an important tool for assessing metal pollution. Several studies using a range of sentinel raptor species have been carried out in Portugal and Spain since the 1980s to identify the adverse effects in the animals themselves and on their populations, to identify the contamination of the food chain, to determine the levels of environmental contamination and to estimate human health risks. The aim of this work is to provide synthesized information of the studies carried out in Portugal and Spain in the direct biomonitoring of metals and metalloids using raptors, through a systematic search of the published literature. The information is summarized taking into account specific issues, such as monitored raptor species, sampling periods, monitored areas, type of samples, analytical techniques used in the determination of the metals and metalloids, the analysed metals and metalloids, and overall analysis of the concentrations obtained. There is a striking difference between the number of studies performed in Portugal and Spain, and most of them have been carried out in Spain. The eagle owl, black kite, and common buzzard were the species from which the greatest number of individuals have been analysed. Among the most analyzed biological samples, the blood and liver samples were used to measure the concentrations of all studied metals, while bone was mainly collected to evaluate chronic exposure to lead and feathers to evaluate exposure to mercury during feather growth. Atomic absorption spectrometry has been the most frequently performed technique to determine the majority of metals and arsenic. In general, the concentrations of metals detected in raptor samples from Portugal and Spain are low and insufficient to produce toxic side effects. Only lead, in certain cases, can be related with toxic side effects. However, particular attention should be given to mercury due to its high toxicity, its transport from an aquatic environment to the adjacent terrestrial food web, and because the mercury toxicity threshold has yet to be established for raptors. This work confirms the need for further biomonitoring studies of metals with raptors, especially in Portugal; the establishing of national programs to conduct long-term studies; and creating a network between Portugal and Spain to study environmental contamination using raptors. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2015-0051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,23]],"date-time":"2015-10-23T22:54:32Z","timestamp":1445640872000},"page":"63-83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/csp-crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Biomonitoring of metals and metalloids with raptors from Portugal and Spain: a review"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Manuela","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Zootechnics, ECAV (School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zootechnics, ECAV (School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Faustino-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Aura","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Lavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d\u2019Ecopatologia de Fauna Salvatge (SEFaS), Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain."}]},{"given":"Paula A.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal."}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2007.02.022"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-005-0218-1"},{"key":"refg3\/ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-013-1540-1"},{"key":"refg4\/ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3808994"},{"key":"refg5\/ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1997.tb04689.x"},{"key":"refg6\/ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/05-395R.1"},{"key":"refg7\/ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/05-570R.1"},{"key":"refg8\/ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/253738"},{"key":"refg9\/ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2003.12.019"},{"key":"refg10\/ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Becker, P.H. 2003. Biomonitoring with birds. In Trace Metals and other Contaminants in the Environment Bioindicators and Biomonitors: Principles, Concepts and Applications. Edited by B.A. Markert, A.M. Breure, and H.G. Zechmeister. Elsevier, Oxford. pp. 677\u2013736.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-5215(03)80149-2"},{"issue":"12","key":"refg11\/ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51978. doi.10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051978","volume":"7","author":"Bedrosian B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"refg12\/ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(00)00038-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg13\/ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(99)00398-8","volume":"242","author":"Benito V.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Total. Environ."},{"key":"refg14\/ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2007.06.002"},{"key":"refg15\/ref15","unstructured":"BirdLife International. 2004. Birds in Europe: Population Estimates, Trends and Conservation Status. BirdLife International. Cambridge."},{"key":"refg16\/ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/02-519"},{"key":"refg17\/ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(03)00120-8"},{"key":"refg18\/ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01055810"},{"key":"refg19\/ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2008)37[401:TCSATO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"refg20\/ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399509532003"},{"key":"refg21\/ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.08.037"},{"key":"refg22\/ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002449900274"},{"key":"refg23\/ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-008-9207-5"},{"key":"refg24\/ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-007-9973-y"},{"key":"refg25\/ref25","unstructured":"Cabral, M.J., Almeida, J., Almeida, P.R., Dellinger, T., Ferrand de Almeida, N., Oliveira, M.E., Palmeirim, J.M., Queiroz, A.J., Rogado, L., and Santos-Reis, M. 2005. Livro Vermelho dos Vertebrados de Portugal. Instituto da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza, Lisboa, Portugal."},{"key":"refg26\/ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063657.2011.648165"},{"key":"refg27\/ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2010.12.015"},{"key":"refg28\/ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-014-3906-3"},{"key":"refg29\/ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2014.12.016"},{"key":"refg30\/ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-011-0220-4"},{"key":"refg31\/ref31","unstructured":"Catry, P., Costa, H., Elias, G., and Matias, R. 2010. Aves de Portugal. Ornitologia do territ\u00f3rio continental. Ass\u00edrio and Alvim, Lisboa."},{"issue":"1","key":"refg32\/ref32","first-page":"122","volume":"19","author":"Cerradelo S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Do\u00f1ana, Acta Vertebrata"},{"key":"refg33\/ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cornelis, R., and Nordberg, M. 2007. General Chemistry, Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Speciation. In Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Edited by G.F. Nordberg, F.A. Fowler, M. Nordberg, and L.T. Fridberg. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 11\u201338.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369413-3\/50057-4"},{"key":"refg34\/ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154082"},{"key":"refg35\/ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010138"},{"key":"refg36\/ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002440010295"},{"key":"refg37\/ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(03)00044-7"},{"key":"refg38\/ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2012.08.005"},{"key":"refg39\/ref39","first-page":"54","volume":"30","author":"Delibes M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ardeola"},{"key":"refg40\/ref40","unstructured":"Don\u00e1zar, J.A. 1993. Los buitres ib\u00e9ricos. J.M. Reyero, Madrid."},{"key":"refg41\/ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3207(02)00049-6"},{"key":"refg42\/ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-009-0358-0"},{"key":"refg43\/ref43","first-page":"1","volume":"85","author":"Eisler R.","year":"1998","journal-title":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report"},{"key":"refg44\/ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-3138-6"},{"key":"refg45\/ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00396224"},{"key":"refg46\/ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.10.063"},{"key":"refg47\/ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.03.015"},{"key":"refg48\/ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2013.11.008"},{"key":"refg49\/ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-004-6269-7"},{"key":"refg50\/ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-007-0168-7"},{"key":"refg51\/ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2009.05.001"},{"key":"refg52\/ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2006.02.018"},{"key":"refg53\/ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-005-4451-x"},{"key":"refg54\/ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furness, R.W. 1993. Birds as monitors of pollutants. In Birds as monitors of environmental change. Edited by R.W. Furness and J.J.D. Greenwood. Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 86\u2013143.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-015-1322-7_3"},{"key":"refg55\/ref55","unstructured":"Furness, R.W. 1996. Cadmium in birds. In Environmental contaminants in wildlife: interpreting tissue concentrations, 1st ed. Edited by W.N. Beyer, G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmon-Norwood. Lewis, Boca Raton. pp. 389\u2013404."},{"key":"refg56\/ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0025-326X(86)90801-5"},{"key":"refg57\/ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2008.09.015"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg58\/ref58","first-page":"39","volume":"53","author":"Garc\u00eda Dios I.S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ardeola."},{"key":"refg59\/ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919x.2004.00377.x"},{"key":"refg60\/ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X. 1998.tb04393.x"},{"key":"refg61\/ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620141207"},{"key":"refg62\/ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00215805"},{"key":"refg63\/ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002449900226"},{"key":"refg64\/ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-004-0586-7"},{"key":"refg65\/ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20132"},{"key":"refg66\/ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2008)37[432:REISAR]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"refg67\/ref67","first-page":"27","volume":"2","author":"Gigirey A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chioglossa"},{"key":"refg68\/ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952836901001182"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg69\/ref69","first-page":"240","volume":"29","author":"Gil-Delgado J.A.","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Raptor Res."},{"key":"refg70\/ref70","first-page":"67","volume":"176","author":"Golden N.H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol."},{"key":"refg71\/ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-010-0563-3"},{"key":"refg72\/ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2014.02.004"},{"key":"refg73\/ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(88)90165-0"},{"key":"refg74\/ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959270908000245"},{"key":"refg75\/ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601238409372462"},{"key":"refg76\/ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00194139"},{"key":"refg77\/ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guitart, R., Sachana, M., Caloni, F., Croubels, S., Vandenbroucke, V., and Berny, P. 2010. Animal poisoning in Europe. Part 3: Wildlife. Vet. J. 183(3): 260\u2013265. 10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.03.033. 19423367.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2009.03.033"},{"key":"refg78\/ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.03.027"},{"key":"refg79\/ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2005.02.010"},{"key":"refg80\/ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-002-2021-6"},{"key":"refg81\/ref81","first-page":"138","volume":"23","author":"Hermoso de Mendoza M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg82\/ref82","first-page":"270","volume":"57","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez L.M.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Field Ornithol."},{"key":"refg83\/ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0376892900029891"},{"key":"refg84\/ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01689392"},{"key":"refg86\/ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-008-0193-1"},{"key":"refg87\/ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.05.001"},{"key":"refg88\/ref88","first-page":"23","volume":"14","author":"Hidalgo S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Buteo"},{"key":"refg89\/ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-006-0770-9"},{"key":"refg90\/ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9058"},{"key":"refg91\/ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B314919F"},{"key":"refg92\/ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.02.013"},{"key":"refg93\/ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00154-X"},{"key":"refg94\/ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/06-193R.1"},{"key":"refg95\/ref95","first-page":"21","volume":"65","author":"Korpimaki E.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ornis Fernnica"},{"key":"refg96\/ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.10.018"},{"key":"refg97\/ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-013-1128-z"},{"key":"refg98\/ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-008-0227-2"},{"key":"refg99\/ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0603-7"},{"key":"refg100\/ref100","unstructured":"Madro\u00f1o, A., Gonz\u00e1lez, C., and Atienza, J.C. 2004. Libro Rojo de las Aves de Espa\u00f1a. Direcci\u00f3n General para la Biodiversidad-SEO\/BirdLife, Madrid."},{"issue":"2","key":"refg101\/ref101","first-page":"84","volume":"28","author":"Ma\u00f1osa S.","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Raptor Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"refg102\/ref102","first-page":"235","volume":"26","author":"Ma\u00f1osa S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Raptor Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"refg103\/ref103","first-page":"289","volume":"38","author":"Ma\u00f1osa S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ardeola"},{"key":"refg104\/ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(02)00334-2"},{"key":"refg105\/ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.338.6104.192-a"},{"key":"refg106\/ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1648\/0273-8570-76.1.40"},{"key":"refg107\/ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2193\/2006-049"},{"key":"refg108\/ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.2011.01189.x"},{"key":"refg109\/ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.03.017"},{"key":"refg110\/ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00244-004-3027-z"},{"key":"refg111\/ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-005-0610-6"},{"key":"refg112\/ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.1.131"},{"key":"refg113\/ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.140.2.47"},{"key":"refg114\/ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(98)00169-9"},{"key":"refg115\/ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/eesa.2000.1996"},{"key":"refg116\/ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(03)00055-1"},{"key":"refg117\/ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2005.12.010"},{"key":"refg118\/ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.07.109"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg119\/ref119","first-page":"135","volume":"54","author":"Mole\u00f3n M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ardeola"},{"key":"refg120\/ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01189736"},{"key":"refg121\/ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/meps166259"},{"issue":"1","key":"refg122\/ref122","first-page":"111","volume":"57","author":"Moreno-Opo R.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ardeola"},{"key":"refg123\/ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2014.10.022"},{"key":"refg124\/ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(99)00258-4"},{"key":"refg125\/ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.11.002"},{"key":"refg126\/ref126","unstructured":"National Research Council (US). 1991. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards. Committee on Animals as Monitors of Environmental Hazards. National Academies Press (US), Washington (DC)."},{"key":"refg127\/ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(93)90118-8"},{"key":"refg128\/ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(93)90064-U"},{"key":"refg129\/ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-006-0969-z"},{"key":"refg130\/ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.053"},{"key":"refg131\/ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/a01-012"},{"key":"refg132\/ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2004.06.012"},{"key":"refg133\/ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2004.05.017"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg134\/ref134","first-page":"443","volume":"57","author":"P\u00e9rez-Granados C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ardeola"},{"key":"refg135\/ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2007.04.016"},{"key":"refg136\/ref136","first-page":"11","volume":"12","author":"Petronillo J.M.S.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Airo"},{"key":"refg137\/ref137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Ramos, J., Gutierrez, V., H\u00f6fle, U., Mateo, R., Monsalve, L., Crespo, E., and Blanco, J.M. 2009. Lead in Griffon and Cinereous Vultures in Central Spain: Correlations between clinical signs and blood lead levels. In Ingestion of Lead from Spent Ammunition: Implications for Wildlife and Humans. Edited by R.T. Watson, M. Fuller, M. Pokras, and W.G. Hunt. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, U.S.A.","DOI":"10.4080\/ilsa.2009.0213"},{"key":"refg138\/ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-011-0607-3"},{"key":"refg139\/ref139","first-page":"82","volume":"85","author":"S\u00e1nchez R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ornis Fennica"},{"key":"refg140\/ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00063651003674946"},{"key":"refg141\/ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(87)90173-4"},{"key":"refg142\/ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1579\/0044-7447(2007)36[12:EOEMOT]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"refg143\/ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000007262.26044.e8"},{"key":"refg144\/ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0em00754d"},{"key":"refg145\/ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2981\/10-004"},{"key":"refg146\/ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201100189"},{"key":"refg147\/ref147","first-page":"145","volume":"16","author":"Tapia L.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nova Acta Ci Compostelana, Secc. Biol."},{"key":"refg148\/ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2013.0317"},{"issue":"4","key":"refg149\/ref149","first-page":"38","volume":"16","author":"Thomas R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"A Beginner\u2019s Guide to ICP-MS, Part I. Spectroscopy"},{"key":"refg150\/ref150","unstructured":"Thompson, D.R. 1996. Mercury in birds and terrestrial mammals. In Environmental contaminants in wildlife: interpreting tissue concentrations, 1st edn. Edited by W.N. Beyer, G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmon-Norwood. Lewis, Boca Raton, pp. 341\u2013353."},{"key":"refg151\/ref151","first-page":"22","volume":"85","author":"Tom\u00e9 R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ornis Fennica"},{"key":"refg152\/ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01783629"},{"issue":"2","key":"refg153\/ref153","first-page":"203","volume":"47","author":"Villar\u00e1n Ad\u00e1nez A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ardeola"},{"key":"refg154\/ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3676440"},{"key":"refg155\/ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620170203"},{"key":"refg156\/ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.12.002"}],"container-title":["Environmental Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1139\/er-2015-0051","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1139\/er-2015-0051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T16:00:46Z","timestamp":1751472046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/10.1139\/er-2015-0051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"references-count":155,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1139\/er-2015-0051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/er-2015-0051","relation":{},"ISSN":["1181-8700","1208-6053"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1181-8700"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1208-6053"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-07-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-10-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}