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The objectives of the present work are (i) to describe conceptual models of sediment transport, deduced from grain-scale mechanics of sediment transport and turbulent flow hydrodynamics, and (ii) to present solutions to specific river morphology problems. The conceptual models described are applicable to the morphologic evolution of rivers subjected to the transport of poorly sorted sediment mixtures at low shear stresses and to geomorphic flows featuring intense sediment transport at high shear stresses. In common, these applications share the fact that sediment transport and flow resistance depend, essentially, on grain-scale phenomena. The idealized flow structures are presented and discussed. Numerical solutions for equilibrium and nonequilibrium sediment transport are presented and compared with laboratory and field data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/l09-033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,23]],"date-time":"2009-11-23T20:16:44Z","timestamp":1259007404000},"page":"1605-1621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Mathematical modelling of shallow flows: Closure models drawn from grain-scale mechanics of sediment transport and flow hydrodynamicsThis paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue in honour of Professor M. Selim Yalin (1925\u20132007)."],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Rui M. 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B.","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, TULisbon, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia- Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal."},{"name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio H.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, TULisbon, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal."},{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering and IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia- Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal."},{"name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal."}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"rg1\/ref1","unstructured":"Aberle, J. 2006. Spatially averaged near-bed flow field over rough armor layers.InRiver Flow 2006, Lisbon. Taylor and Francis Group, London. 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