{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:22:40Z","timestamp":1777432960166,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/page\/about\/CorporateTextAndDataMining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can. Geotech. J."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> A three-dimensional (3D) numerical implementation of the limit analysis upper-bound theorem is used to determine passive horizontal earth-pressure coefficients. An extension technique allowing determination of the 3D passive earth pressures for any width-to-height ratios greater than 7 is presented. The horizontal passive earth-pressure coefficients are presented and compared with solutions published previously. Results of the ratio between the 3D and two-dimensional horizontal passive earth-pressure coefficients are shown and found to be almost independent of the soil-to-wall friction ratio. A simple equation is proposed for calculating this passive earth-pressure ratio. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1139\/t10-103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,6]],"date-time":"2011-05-06T10:53:40Z","timestamp":1304679220000},"page":"767-780","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Passive earth-pressure coefficients by upper-bound numerical limit analysis"],"prefix":"10.1139","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Armando N.","family":"Ant\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Teresa G.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Vicente da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."}]},{"given":"Nuno M.","family":"da Costa Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIC, Civil Engineering Department, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal."}]}],"member":"155","reference":[{"key":"refg1\/ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2007.01.008"},{"key":"refg2\/ref2","unstructured":"Caquot, A., and K\u00e9risel, J. 1948. 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