{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T07:52:04Z","timestamp":1779263524003,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702252800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021R1F1A1063030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1F1A1063030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021R1F1A1063030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1F1A1063030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022R1A2C1007358"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1007358"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RS-2023-00242528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00242528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002648","name":"Catholic University of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Research Fund 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Research Fund 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EPJ Data Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The gravity model of human mobility has successfully described the deterrence of travels with distance in urban mobility patterns. While a broad spectrum of deterrence was found across different cities, yet it is not empirically clear if movement patterns in a single city could also have a spectrum of distance exponents denoting a varying deterrence depending on the origin and destination regions in the city. By analyzing the travel data in the twelve most populated cities of the United States of America, we empirically find that the distance exponent governing the deterrence of travels significantly varies within a city depending on the traffic volumes of the origin and destination regions. Despite the diverse traffic landscape of the cities analyzed, a common pattern is observed for the distance exponents; the exponent value tends to be higher between regions with larger traffic volumes, while it tends to be lower between regions with smaller traffic volumes. This indicates that our method indeed reveals the hidden diversity of gravity laws that would be overlooked otherwise.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-023-00438-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T11:02:21Z","timestamp":1702292541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multiple gravity laws for human mobility within cities"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Oh-Hyun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inho","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woo-Sung","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4214-9204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang-Hyun","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7196","key":"438_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06958","volume":"453","author":"MC Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez MC, Hidalgo CA, Barab\u00e1si A-L (2008) Understanding individual human mobility patterns. Nature 453(7196):779\u2013782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06958","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"438_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys1760","volume":"6","author":"C Song","year":"2010","unstructured":"Song C, Koren T, Wang P, Barab\u00e1si A-L (2010) Modelling the scaling properties of human mobility. Nat Phys 6(10):818\u2013823. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nphys1760","journal-title":"Nat Phys"},{"issue":"5968","key":"438_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177170","volume":"327","author":"C Song","year":"2010","unstructured":"Song C, Qu Z, Blumm N, Barab\u00e1si A-L (2010) Limits of predictability in human mobility. Science 327(5968):1018\u20131021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1177170","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7392","key":"438_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10856","volume":"484","author":"F Simini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simini F, Gonz\u00e1lez MC, Maritan A, Barab\u00e1si A-L (2012) A universal model for mobility and migration patterns. Nature 484(7392):96\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10856","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01892-8","volume":"8","author":"X-Y Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan X-Y, Wang W-X, Gao Z-Y, Lai Y-C (2017) Universal model of individual and population mobility on diverse spatial scales. Nat Commun 8(1):1639. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-01892-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"7834","key":"438_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2909-1","volume":"587","author":"L Alessandretti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alessandretti L, Aslak U, Lehmann S (2020) The scales of human mobility. Nature 587(7834):402\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2909-1","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7860","key":"438_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03480-9","volume":"593","author":"M Schl\u00e4pfer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schl\u00e4pfer M, Dong L, O\u2019Keeffe K, Santi P, Szell M, Salat H, Anklesaria S, Vazifeh M, Ratti C, West GB (2021) The universal visitation law of human mobility. Nature 593(7860):522\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03480-9","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"51","key":"438_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21484","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906910106","volume":"106","author":"D Balcan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Balcan D, Colizza V, Goncalves B, Hu H, Ramasco JJ, Vespignani A (2009) Multiscale mobility networks and the spatial spreading of infectious diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(51):21484\u201321489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0906910106","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6164","key":"438_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1245200","volume":"342","author":"D Brockmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brockmann D, Helbing D (2013) The hidden geometry of complex, network-driven contagion phenomena. Science 342(6164):1337\u20131342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1245200","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02374-7","volume":"8","author":"M Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee M, Barbosa H, Youn H, Holme P, Ghoshal G (2017) Morphology of travel routes and the organization of cities. Nat Commun 8(1):2229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-02374-7","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12809-y","volume":"10","author":"A Bassolas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bassolas A, Barbosa-Filho H, Dickinson B, Dotiwalla X, Eastham P, Gallotti R, Ghoshal G, Gipson B, Hazarie SA, Kautz H, Kucuktunc O, Lieber A, Sadilek A, Ramasco JJ (2019) Hierarchical organization of urban mobility and its connection with city livability. Nat Commun 10(1):4817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12809-y","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"438_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-020-0875-0","volume":"4","author":"MUG Kraemer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kraemer MUG, Sadilek A, Zhang Q, Marchal NA, Tuli G, Cohn EL, Hswen Y, Perkins TA, Smith DL, Reiner RC, Brownstein JS (2020) Mapping global variation in human mobility. Nat Hum Behav 4(8):800\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-020-0875-0","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24899-8","volume":"12","author":"E Moro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moro E, Calacci D, Dong X, Pentland A (2021) Mobility patterns are associated with experienced income segregation in large US cities. Nat Commun 12(1):4633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-24899-8","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00416-1","volume":"11","author":"E Bok\u00e1nyi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bok\u00e1nyi E, Juh\u00e1sz S, Karsai M, Lengyel B (2021) Universal patterns of long-distance commuting and social assortativity in cities. Sci Rep 11(1):20829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-00416-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"438_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad077","volume":"2","author":"Z Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Z, Su T, Sun M, Noyman A, Zhang F, Pentland AS, Moro E (2023) Diversity beyond density: experienced social mixing of urban streets. PNAS Nexus 2(4):077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad077","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"issue":"6","key":"438_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.2307\/2087063","volume":"11","author":"GK Zipf","year":"1946","unstructured":"Zipf GK (1946) The P1 P2 \/ D hypothesis: on the intercity movement of persons. Am Sociol Rev 11(6):677\u2013686. 2087063","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"438_CR17","volume-title":"The gravity model in transportation analysis: theory and extensions. Topics in transportation","author":"S Erlander","year":"1990","unstructured":"Erlander S, Stewart NF (1990) The gravity model in transportation analysis: theory and extensions. Topics in transportation. VSP, Utrecht"},{"issue":"4","key":"438_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/0295-5075\/81\/48005","volume":"81","author":"W-S Jung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jung W-S, Wang F, Stanley HE (2008) Gravity model in the Korean highway. Europhys Lett 81(4):48005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1209\/0295-5075\/81\/48005","journal-title":"Europhys Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"438_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2307\/2084520","volume":"5","author":"SA Stouffer","year":"1940","unstructured":"Stouffer SA (1940) Intervening opportunities: a theory relating mobility and distance. Am Sociol Rev 5(6):845\u2013867. 2084520","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61613-y","volume":"10","author":"E-J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu E-J, Yan X-Y (2020) A universal opportunity model for human mobility. Sci Rep 10(1):4657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-61613-y","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6347","volume":"5","author":"Y Ren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ren Y, Ercsey-Ravasz M, Wang P, Gonz\u00e1lez MC, Toroczkai Z (2014) Predicting commuter flows in spatial networks using a radiation model based on temporal ranges. Nat Commun 5(1):5347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms6347","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"438_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143500","volume":"10","author":"C Kang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kang C, Liu Y, Guo D, Qin K (2015) A generalized radiation model for human mobility: spatial scale, searching direction and trip constraint. PLoS ONE 10(11):0143500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0143500","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02109-1","volume":"11","author":"C Alis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alis C, Legara EF, Monterola C (2021) Generalized radiation model for human migration. Sci Rep 11(1):22707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-02109-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"438_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2018.01.001","volume":"734","author":"H Barbosa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbosa H, Barthelemy M, Ghoshal G, James CR, Lenormand M, Louail T, Menezes R, Ramasco JJ, Simini F, Tomasini M (2018) Human mobility: models and applications. Phys Rep 734:1\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physrep.2018.01.001","journal-title":"Phys Rep"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"438_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2010.11.002","volume":"499","author":"M Barth\u00e9lemy","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barth\u00e9lemy M (2011) Spatial networks. Phys Rep 499(1\u20133):1\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physrep.2010.11.002","journal-title":"Phys Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02983","volume":"3","author":"X Liang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liang X, Zhao J, Dong L, Xu K (2013) Unraveling the origin of exponential law in intra-urban human mobility. Sci Rep 3(1):2983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep02983","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"438_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physreve.86.026102","volume":"86","author":"S Goh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Goh S, Lee K, Park JS, Choi MY (2012) Modification of the gravity model and application to the metropolitan Seoul subway system. Phys Rev E 86(2):026102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physreve.86.026102","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"issue":"10","key":"438_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140152","volume":"10","author":"M Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee M, Holme P (2015) Relating land use and human intra-city mobility. PLoS ONE 10(10):0140152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140152","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"438_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2016.06.055","volume":"462","author":"I Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong I, Jung W-S (2016) Application of gravity model on the Korean urban bus network. Phys A, Stat Mech Appl 462:48\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physa.2016.06.055","journal-title":"Phys A, Stat Mech Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11841-2","volume":"10","author":"M Mazzoli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazzoli M, Molas A, Bassolas A, Lenormand M, Colet P, Ramasco JJ (2019) Field theory for recurrent mobility. Nat Commun 10(1):3895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-11841-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.103.012312","volume":"103","author":"R Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li R, Gao S, Luo A, Yao Q, Chen B, Shang F, Jiang R, Stanley HE (2021) Gravity model in dockless bike-sharing systems within cities. Phys Rev E 103(1):012312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.103.012312","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26752-4","volume":"12","author":"F Simini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simini F, Barlacchi G, Luca M, Pappalardo L (2021) A deep gravity model for mobility flows generation. Nat Commun 12(1):6576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-26752-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"438_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2023.02.002","volume":"1012","author":"FL Ribeiro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ribeiro FL, Rybski D (2023) Mathematical models to explain the origin of urban scaling laws. Phys Rep 1012:1\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physrep.2023.02.002","journal-title":"Phys Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086026","volume":"9","author":"Y Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu Y, Sui Z, Kang C, Gao Y (2014) Uncovering patterns of inter-urban trip and spatial interaction from social media check-in data. PLoS ONE 9(1):86026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0086026","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-019-0216-6","volume":"8","author":"L Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Ma J-C, Jiang Z-Q, Yan W, Zhou W-X (2019) Gravity law in the Chinese highway freight transportation networks. EPJ Data Sci 8(1):37. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-019-0216-6","journal-title":"EPJ Data Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"438_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/02\/p02002","volume":"2008","author":"K Bhattacharya","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhattacharya K, Mukherjee G, Saram\u00e4ki J, Kaski K, Manna SS (2008) The international trade network: weighted network analysis and modelling. J Stat Mech Theory Exp 2008(2):02002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-5468\/2008\/02\/p02002","journal-title":"J Stat Mech Theory Exp"},{"issue":"7","key":"438_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2009\/07\/l07003","volume":"2009","author":"G Krings","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krings G, Calabrese F, Ratti C, Blondel VD (2009) Urban gravity: a model for inter-city telecommunication flows. J Stat Mech Theory Exp 2009(7):07003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1742-5468\/2009\/07\/l07003","journal-title":"J Stat Mech Theory Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00902","volume":"2","author":"RK Pan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pan RK, Kaski K, Fortunato S (2012) World citation and collaboration networks: uncovering the role of geography in science. Sci Rep 2(1):902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep00902","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"438_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06174","volume":"4","author":"V Palchykov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palchykov V, Mitrovi\u0107 M, Jo H-H, Saram\u00e4ki J, Pan RK (2014) Inferring human mobility using communication patterns. Sci Rep 4:6174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep06174","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"438_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/physrevx.4.041009","volume":"4","author":"SH Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee SH, Ffrancon R, Abrams DM, Kim BJ, Porter MA (2014) Matchmaker, matchmaker, make me a match: migration of populations via marriages in the past. Phys Rev X 4(4):041009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/physrevx.4.041009","journal-title":"Phys Rev X"},{"issue":"7","key":"438_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199892","volume":"13","author":"R Prieto Curiel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prieto Curiel R, Pappalardo L, Gabrielli L, Bishop SR (2018) Gravity and scaling laws of city to city migration. PLoS ONE 13(7):0199892. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0199892","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"438_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/aade6b","volume":"20","author":"HJ Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park HJ, Jo WS, Lee SH, Kim BJ (2018) Generalized gravity model for human migration. New J Phys 20(9):093018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1367-2630\/aade6b","journal-title":"New J Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"438_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211963","volume":"14","author":"H Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim H, Hong I, Jung W-S (2019) Measuring national capability over big science\u2019s multidisciplinarity: a case study of nuclear fusion research. PLoS ONE 14(2):0211963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0211963","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"438_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218028","volume":"14","author":"I Hong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hong I, Jung W-S, Jo H-H (2019) Gravity model explained by the radiation model on a population landscape. PLoS ONE 14(6):0218028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0218028","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"438_CR45","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau (2018) LODES (LEHD origin-destination employment statistics) dataset. https:\/\/lehd.ces.census.gov\/"},{"key":"438_CR46","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau (2013) Geographic areas reference manual: census block and block groups. https:\/\/www2.census.gov\/geo\/pdfs\/reference\/GARM\/Ch11GARM.pdf"},{"key":"438_CR47","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau (2018) Tabblock shapefiles in TIGER\/line files archive. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/mapping-files\/2018\/geo\/tiger-line-file.html"},{"key":"438_CR48","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau (2018) Core based statistical areas in cartographic boundary files. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/mapping-files\/time-series\/geo\/carto-boundary-file.html"},{"issue":"2","key":"438_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246714","volume":"16","author":"R Prieto Curiel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prieto Curiel R, Patino JE, Duque JC, O\u2019Clery N (2021) The heartbeat of the city. PLoS ONE 16(2):0246714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0246714","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"19","key":"438_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.198702","volume":"111","author":"R Louf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Louf R, Barthelemy M (2013) Modeling the polycentric transition of cities. Phys Rev Lett 111(19):198702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.198702","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10793","volume":"7","author":"S \u00c7olak","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00c7olak S, Lima A, Gonz\u00e1lez MC (2016) Understanding congested travel in urban areas. Nat Commun 7(1):10793. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms10793","journal-title":"Nat Commun"}],"container-title":["EPJ Data Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-023-00438-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-023-00438-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-023-00438-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T11:02:27Z","timestamp":1702292547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/epjdatascience.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-023-00438-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-023-00438-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-1127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-1127","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"57"}}