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During controversial events such as political elections, active users often proclaim their stance and try to persuade others to support them. However, disparities in participation levels can lead to misperceptions and cause analysts to misjudge the support for each side. For example, current models usually rely on content production and overlook a vast majority of civically engaged users who passively consume information. These \u201csilent users\u201d can significantly impact the democratic process despite being less vocal. Accounting for the stances of this silent majority is critical to improving our reliance on SM to understand and measure social phenomena. Thus, this study proposes and evaluates a new approach for silent users\u2019 stance prediction based on collaborative filtering and Graph Convolutional Networks, which exploits multiple relationships between users and topics. Furthermore, our method allows us to describe users with different stances and online behaviors. We demonstrate its validity using real-world datasets from two related political events. Specifically, we examine user attitudes leading to the Chilean constitutional referendums in 2020 and 2022 through extensive Twitter datasets. In both datasets, our model outperforms the baselines by over 9% at the edge- and the user level. Thus, our method offers an improvement in effectively quantifying the support and creating a multidimensional understanding of social discussions on SM platforms, especially during polarizing events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-024-00469-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T09:12:32Z","timestamp":1712221952000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Unveiling the silent majority: stance detection and characterization of passive users on social media using collaborative filtering and graph convolutional networks"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6592-1113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4755-1606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erick","family":"Elejalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1145\/1644893.1644900","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement. 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