{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T20:24:10Z","timestamp":1768422250713,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101039455"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101039455"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["EPJ Data Sci."],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Social segregation in cities refers to the uneven spatial distribution of individuals from unequal social groups, such as affluent and economically vulnerable people. Social segregation may, in turn, produce social inequalities through contextual effects, since neighbourhood mixing or concentration plays a role in shaping individuals\u2019 opinions and behaviours in multiple life domains, including health. Because segregation and contextual effects occur at the places of residence as well as throughout the day, as people move between locations in a city, we aim to understand the social effect of urban segregation \u2018around the clock\u2019 on health behaviours (such as the choice of a healthy diet), using an empirical agent-based model initialised on the Paris region with a synthetic population. We built this synthetic population by pulling together data from two health &amp; nutrition surveys conducted 6 years apart, data from the French census and data from an origin-destination survey. We then combined scenarios of residential patterns (random allocation vs. census-based allocation reflecting the empirical level of residential segregation) with scenarios of daily mobility (no daily moves, random moves or survey-based daily moves reflecting the empirical level of daytime segregation in Paris) to assess the effect of spatio-temporal segregation on the diffusion of health behaviours. While the same upward trend of healthy behaviours is obtained in all scenarios simulated, we find contrasted results with respect to social inequalities: 1\/ when the agents\u2019 residence is allocated at random, social inequalities of health decrease in the long run; 2\/ randomizing daily mobility can mitigate the increase in social inequalities in dietary behaviours induced by effective residential segregation, with this mitigation effect appearing as soon as a small proportion of daily moves are random; 3\/ daytime segregation as it exists in Paris slightly reinforces the unequal distribution of health behaviours between the most and least educated groups compared with the sole effect of residential segregation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00603-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T14:46:40Z","timestamp":1765464400000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An agent-based model to investigate the effects of urban segregation around the clock on inequalities in health behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9mentine","family":"Cottineau-Mugadza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Perret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Reuillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Rey-Coyrehourcq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Vall\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","volume":"50","author":"I Ajzen","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ajzen I (1991) The theory of planned behavior. Organ Behav Hum Decis Process 50(2):179\u2013211","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process"},{"issue":"12","key":"603_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098014542487","volume":"52","author":"EK Andersson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andersson EK, Malmberg B (2015) Contextual effects on educational attainment in individualised, scalable neighbourhoods: differences across gender and social class. Urban Stud 52(12):2117\u20132133","journal-title":"Urban Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"603_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2010.10.033","volume":"40","author":"AH Auchincloss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Auchincloss AH, Riolo RL, Brown DG, Cook J, Roux AVD (2011) An agent-based model of income inequalities in diet in the context of residential segregation. Am J Prev Med 40(3):303\u2013311","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"603_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn118","volume":"168","author":"AH Auchincloss","year":"2008","unstructured":"Auchincloss AH, Roux AVD (2008) A new tool for epidemiology: the usefulness of dynamic-agent models in understanding place effects on health. Am J Epidemiol 168(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"603_CR5","unstructured":"Bagni RB (2002) A comparison of simulation models applied to epidemics. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 5(3)"},{"issue":"3","key":"603_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1068\/a44330","volume":"44","author":"N Bailey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bailey N (2012) How spatial segregation changes over time: sorting out the sorting processes. Environ Plan A 44(3):705\u2013722","journal-title":"Environ Plan A"},{"issue":"4","key":"603_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3390\/systems3040309","volume":"3","author":"A Banos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banos A, Corson N, Gaudou B, Laperri\u00e8re V, Coyrehourcq SR (2015) The importance of being hybrid for spatial epidemic models: a multi-scale approach. Systems 3(4):309\u2013329","journal-title":"Systems"},{"key":"603_CR8","unstructured":"Banos A, Sanders L (2013) Mod\u00e9liser et simuler les syst\u00e8mes spatiaux en g\u00e9ographie. In: Mod\u00e9liser et Simuler-Epist\u00e9mologies et Pratiques des Mod\u00e8les et des Simulations, F.\u00a0Varenne and M.\u00a0Silberstein, eds., volume\u00a02, Chap.\u00a031, pp. 833\u2013863. \u00c9ditions Mat\u00e9riologiques"},{"key":"603_CR9","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Gouverner les conduites \u00e9conomiques","author":"S Barrey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barrey S, Dubuisson-Quellier S, Gojard S, Plessz M (2012) Les effets des prescriptions sur les pratiques de consommation alimentaires: r\u00f4le des positions dans la trajectoire de vie et des ressources sociales. In: Gouverner les conduites \u00e9conomiques, pp\u00a037"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.1120.0408","volume":"47","author":"J Barthelemy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barthelemy J, Toint PL (2013) Synthetic population generation without a sample. Transp Sci 47(2):266\u2013279","journal-title":"Transp Sci"},{"key":"603_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100798","volume":"14","author":"GR Bauer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauer GR, Churchill SM, Mahendran M, Walwyn C, Lizotte D, Villa-Rueda AA (2021) Intersectionality in quantitative research: a systematic review of its emergence and applications of theory and methods. SSM-population health 14:100798","journal-title":"SSM-population health"},{"issue":"4","key":"603_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.03.042","volume":"49","author":"DJ Blok","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blok DJ, de Vlas SJ, Bakker R, van Lenthe FJ (2015) Reducing income inequalities in food consumption: explorations with an agent-based model. Am J Prev Med 49(4):605\u2013613","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"603_CR13","unstructured":"Bourdieu P (1979) La distinction: critique sociale du jugement. Le sens commun"},{"key":"603_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapuis K, Taillandier P, Misslin R, Drogoul A (2018) Gen*: a generic toolkit to generate spatially explicit synthetic populations. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 1\u201317","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2018.1440563"},{"issue":"9","key":"603_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138212","volume":"10","author":"G Ch\u00e9rel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ch\u00e9rel G, Cottineau C, Reuillon R (2015) Beyond corroboration: strengthening model validation by looking for unexpected patterns. PLoS ONE 10(9):e0138212","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"603_CR16","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Geographies of labour market inequality","author":"P Cheshire","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheshire P, Monastiriotis V, Sheppard S (2003) Income inequality and residential segregation: labour market sorting and the demand for positional goods. In: Geographies of labour market inequality. Routledge, London, pp\u00a083\u2013109"},{"key":"603_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4337\/9781781952528","volume-title":"Urban economics and urban policy: challenging conventional policy wisdom","author":"PC Cheshire","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheshire PC, Nathan M, Overman HG (2014) Urban economics and urban policy: challenging conventional policy wisdom. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham Glos"},{"issue":"4","key":"603_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qju022","volume":"129","author":"R Chetty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chetty R, Hendren N, Kline P, Saez E (2014) Where is the land of opportunity? The geography of intergenerational mobility in the United States. Q J Econ 129(4):1553\u20131623","journal-title":"Q J Econ"},{"key":"603_CR19","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Feminist legal theories","author":"K Crenshaw","year":"1989","unstructured":"Crenshaw K (1989) Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. In: Feminist legal theories. Routledge, London, pp\u00a023\u201351"},{"issue":"7173","key":"603_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7173.1636","volume":"317","author":"JH Cummings","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cummings JH, Bingham SA (1998) Diet and the prevention of cancer. BMJ, Br Med J 317(7173):1636\u20131640","journal-title":"BMJ, Br Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym033","volume":"36","author":"S Cummins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cummins S (2007) Commentary: investigating neighbourhood effects on health-avoiding the \u2018local trap\u2019. Int J Epidemiol 36(2):355\u2013357","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","volume":"6","author":"K Deb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deb K, Pratap A, Agarwal S, Meyarivan T (2002) A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: Nsga-ii. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 6(2):182\u2013197","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evol Comput"},{"issue":"11","key":"603_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.11.1783","volume":"91","author":"AV Diez Roux","year":"2001","unstructured":"Diez Roux AV (2001) Investigating neighborhood and area effects on health. Am J Public Health 91(11):1783\u20131789","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2008.02.003","volume":"28","author":"G Erreygers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Erreygers G (2009) Correcting the concentration index. J Health Econ 28(2):504\u2013515","journal-title":"J Health Econ"},{"issue":"12","key":"603_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.09.011","volume":"108","author":"C Estaquio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Estaquio C, Druesne-Pecollo N, Latino-Martel P, Dauchet L, Hercberg S, Bertrais S (2008) Socioeconomic differences in fruit and vegetable consumption among middle-aged French adults: adherence to the 5 a day recommendation. J Am Diet Assoc 108(12):2021\u20132030","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"603_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2015.10.009","volume":"49","author":"S Farber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Farber S, O\u2019Kelly M, Miller HJ, Neutens T (2015) Measuring segregation using patterns of daily travel behavior: a social interaction based model of exposure. J Transp Geogr 49:26\u201338","journal-title":"J Transp Geogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.3419","volume":"20","author":"T Feliciani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Feliciani T, Flache A, Tolsma J (2017) How, when and where can spatial segregation induce opinion polarization? Two competing models. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 20(2):22","journal-title":"J Artif Soc Soc Simul"},{"issue":"11","key":"603_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.5194\/nhess-12-3533-2012","volume":"12","author":"S Freire","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freire S, Aubrecht C (2012) Integrating population dynamics into mapping human exposure to seismic hazard. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 12(11):3533\u20133543","journal-title":"Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-016-1517-9","volume":"135","author":"T Gagn\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gagn\u00e9 T, Ghenadenik AE, Shareck M, Frohlich KL (2018) Expected or completed? Comparing two measures of education and their relationship with social inequalities in health among young adults. Soc Indic Res 135(2):549\u2013562","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"603_CR30","volume-title":"Paper presented at the ESRC seminar: \u201cNeighborhood effects: theory & evidence\u201d","author":"G Galster","year":"2010","unstructured":"Galster G (2010) The mechanism (s) of neighborhood effects: theory, evidence, and policy implications. In: Paper presented at the ESRC seminar: \u201cNeighborhood effects: theory & evidence\u201d"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"G Galster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galster G, Sharkey P (2017) Spatial foundations of inequality: a conceptual model and empirical overview. Russell Sage Found J Soc Sci 3(2):1\u201333","journal-title":"Russell Sage Found J Soc Sci"},{"key":"603_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grillo F, Martin-Fernandez J, Lhuissier A, Siriwardana MG, Chauvin P (2011) Individual and territorial disparities in the knowledge and practices of the French national guideline \u201cfruits and vegetables: at least 5 every day\u201d in Paris metropolitan area. J Epidemiol Community Health 65. IEA World Congress of Epidemiology","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2011.142976d.60"},{"issue":"1","key":"603_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01936872","volume":"24","author":"T H\u00e4gerstrand","year":"1970","unstructured":"H\u00e4gerstrand T (1970) What about people in regional science? Pap Reg Sci 24(1):6\u201321","journal-title":"Pap Reg Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"603_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-016-0481-y","volume":"15","author":"R-M H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen","year":"2016","unstructured":"H\u00e4m\u00e4l\u00e4inen R-M, Sandu P, Syed AM, Jakobsen MW (2016) An evaluation of equity and equality in physical activity policies in four European countries. Int J Equity Health 15(1):191","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"603_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.1909","volume":"15","author":"K Harland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harland K, Heppenstall A, Smith D, Birkin M (2012) Creating realistic synthetic populations at varying spatial scales: a comparative critique of population synthesis techniques. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 15(1):1","journal-title":"J Artif Soc Soc Simul"},{"key":"603_CR36","unstructured":"Hegselmann R, Krause U, et al (2002) Opinion dynamics and bounded confidence models, analysis, and simulation. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 5(3)"},{"issue":"e2","key":"603_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051110","volume":"23","author":"S Hill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hill S, Amos A, Clifford D, Platt S (2014) Impact of tobacco control interventions on socioeconomic inequalities in smoking: review of the evidence. Tob Control 23(e2):e89\u2013e97","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"603_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2022.105954","volume":"172","author":"T Kremer-Sadlik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kremer-Sadlik T, Morgenstern A (2022) The reflective eater: socializing French children to eating fruits and vegetables. Appetite 172:105954","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"603_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/9781610448697","volume-title":"Cycle of segregation: social processes and residential stratification","author":"M Krysan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krysan M, Crowder K (2017) Cycle of segregation: social processes and residential stratification. Russell Sage Foundation, Thousand Oaks"},{"issue":"6","key":"603_CR40","first-page":"1482","volume":"108","author":"M-P Kwan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kwan M-P (2018) The limits of the neighborhood effect: contextual uncertainties in geographic, environmental health, and social science research. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 108(6):1482\u20131490","journal-title":"Ann Assoc Am Geogr"},{"key":"603_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2016.10.006","volume":"2","author":"BA Langellier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langellier BA (2016) An agent-based simulation of persistent inequalities in health behavior: understanding the interdependent roles of segregation, clustering, and social influence. SSM - Population Health 2:757\u2013769","journal-title":"SSM - Population Health"},{"key":"603_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2017.02.003","volume":"59","author":"G Le Roux","year":"2017","unstructured":"Le Roux G, Vall\u00e9e J, Commenges H (2017) Social segregation around the clock in the Paris region (France). J Transp Geogr 59:134\u2013145","journal-title":"J Transp Geogr"},{"key":"603_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenormand M, Deffuant G (2012) Generating a synthetic population of individuals in households: sample-free vs sample-based methods. J Artif Soc Soc Simul 16(4)","DOI":"10.18564\/jasss.2319"},{"key":"603_CR44","unstructured":"Lhuissier A, Tichit C, Caillavet F, Cardon P, Masullo-Benechet A, Martin-Fernandez J, Parizot I, Chauvin P (2014) Deux ou trois repas par jour? des rythmes alimentaires sexu\u00e9s en r\u00e9gion parisienne. INRA Sci Soc 14(1)"},{"issue":"4","key":"603_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.02.031","volume":"75","author":"JP Mackenbach","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mackenbach JP (2012) The persistence of health inequalities in modern welfare states: the explanation of a paradox. Soc Sci Med 75(4):761\u2013769","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"603_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maneerat S, Eric D (2017) Agent-based simulation study of the intra-urban discontinuity effects in Delhi on dispersal of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, vector of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Cybergeo 819","DOI":"10.4000\/cybergeo.28499"},{"issue":"4","key":"603_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1080\/00045608.2015.1022089","volume":"105","author":"D Martin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martin D, Cockings S, Leungy S (2015) Developing a flexible framework for spatiotemporal population modeling. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 105(4):754\u2013772","journal-title":"Ann Assoc Am Geogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"603_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870050033676","volume":"23","author":"DS Massey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Massey DS, Fischer MJ (2000) How segregation concentrates poverty. Ethn Racial Stud 23(4):670\u2013691","journal-title":"Ethn Racial Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"603_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1781-7","volume":"15","author":"R McGill","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGill R, Anwar E, Orton L, Bromley H, Lloyd-Williams F, O\u2019Flaherty M, Taylor-Robinson D, Guzman-Castillo M, Gillespie D, Moreira P, Allen K, Hyseni L, Calder N, Petticrew M, White M, Whitehead M, Capewell S (2015) Are interventions to promote healthy eating equally effective for all? Systematic review of socioeconomic inequalities in impact. BMC Public Health 15(1):457","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"603_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mognard E, Naidoo K, Laporte C, Tib\u00e8re L, Alem Y, Khusun H, Februhartanty J, Niiyama Y, Ueda H, Dasgupta A, Dupuy A, Rochedy A, Yuen JL, Ismail MN, Nair PK, Ragavan NA, Poulain J-P (2023) \u201ceating out\u201d, spatiality, temporality and sociality. A database for China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore and France. Front Nutr 10","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1066737"},{"issue":"12","key":"603_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980007000079","volume":"10","author":"K Morland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morland K, Filomena S (2007) Disparities in the availability of fruits and vegetables between racially segregated urban neighbourhoods. Public Health Nutr 10(12):1481\u20131489","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"603_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203448533","volume-title":"Urban segregation and the welfare state: inequality and exclusion in western cities","author":"S Musterd","year":"2013","unstructured":"Musterd S, Ostendorf W (2013) Urban segregation and the welfare state: inequality and exclusion in western cities. Routledge, London"},{"issue":"3","key":"603_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302426","volume":"105","author":"RA Nianogo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nianogo RA, Arah OA (2015) Agent-based modeling of noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review. Am J Public Health 105(3):e20\u2013e31","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"603_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-012-0175-z","volume":"50","author":"J Palmer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Palmer J, Espenshade T, Bartumeus F, Chung C, Ozgencil N, Li K (2013) New approaches to human mobility: using mobile phones for demographic research. Demography 50(3):1105\u20131128","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"603_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.01.005","volume":"21","author":"C Perchoux","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perchoux C, Chaix B, Cummins S, Kestens Y (2013) Conceptualization and measurement of environmental exposure in epidemiology: accounting for activity space related to daily mobility. Health Place 21:86\u201393","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"6","key":"603_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1177\/0309132519868767","volume":"44","author":"A Petrovi\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petrovi\u0107 A, Manley D, van Ham M (2020) Freedom from the tyranny of neighbourhood: rethinking sociospatial context effects. Prog Hum Geogr 44(6):1103\u20131123","journal-title":"Prog Hum Geogr"},{"key":"603_CR57","unstructured":"Pham A, Thompson K, Moore S, Cremades R, Bouwman L (2023) Social networks\u2019. Influence on planetary diet adoption: an agent-based modelling approach"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1068\/d040145","volume":"4","author":"E Pr\u00e9teceille","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pr\u00e9teceille E (1986) Collective consumption, urban segregation, and social classes. Environ Plann, D Soc Space 4(2):145\u2013154","journal-title":"Environ Plann, D Soc Space"},{"key":"603_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.05.003","volume":"29","author":"R Reuillon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reuillon R, Leclaire M, Rey Coyrehourcq S (2013) Openmole, a workflow engine specifically tailored for the distributed exploration of simulation models. Future Gener Comput Syst 29:1981\u20131990","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"603_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006933000432","volume":"46","author":"C Rhein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rhein C (1998) The working class, minorities and housing in Paris, the rise of fragmentations. GeoJournal 46(1):51","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"603_CR61","volume-title":"Great American city: Chicago and the enduring neighborhood effect","author":"RJ Sampson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sampson RJ (2011) Great American city: Chicago and the enduring neighborhood effect. University of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR62","first-page":"488","volume":"59","author":"TC Schelling","year":"1969","unstructured":"Schelling TC (1969) Models of segregation. Am Econ Rev 59(2):488\u2013493","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"603_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/0004-5608.00262","volume":"91","author":"I Schnell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schnell I, Yoav B (2001) The sociospatial isolation of agents in everyday life spaces as an aspect of segregation. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 91(4):622\u2013636","journal-title":"Ann Assoc Am Geogr"},{"key":"603_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.02.044","volume":"108","author":"M Shareck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shareck M, Kestens Y, Frohlich KL (2014) Moving beyond the residential neighborhood to explore social inequalities in exposure to area-level disadvantage: results from the interdisciplinary study on inequalities in smoking. Soc Sci Med 108:106\u2013114","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"603_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Si Hassen W, Castetbon K, Cardon P, Enaux C, Nicolaou M, Lien N, Terragni L, Holdsworth M, Stronks K, Hercberg S, M\u00e9jean C (2016) Socioeconomic indicators are independently associated with nutrient intake in French adults: a dedipac study. Nutrients 8(3)","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030158"},{"key":"603_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2014.03.011","volume":"47","author":"S Silm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Silm S, Ahas R (2014) The temporal variation of ethnic segregation in a city: evidence from a mobile phone use dataset. Soc Sci Res 47:30\u201343","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"603_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5750","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph10115750","volume":"10","author":"N Speybroeck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Speybroeck N, Van Malderen C, Harper S, M\u00fcller B, Devleesschauwer B (2013) Simulation models for socioeconomic inequalities in health: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 10(11):5750\u20135780","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"603_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232521","volume":"15","author":"TH Stea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stea TH, Nordheim O, Bere E, Stornes P, Eikemo TA (2020) Fruit and vegetable consumption in Europe according to gender, educational attainment and regional affiliation\u2014a cross-sectional study in 21 European countries. PLoS ONE 15(5):1\u20139","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.17645\/si.v9i2.4345","volume":"9","author":"T Tammaru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tammaru T, Knapp D, Silm S, Van Ham M, Witlox F (2021) Spatial underpinnings of social inequalities: a vicious circles of segregation approach. Soc Incl 9(2):65\u201376","journal-title":"Soc Incl"},{"issue":"5","key":"603_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1086\/257839","volume":"64","author":"CM Tiebout","year":"1956","unstructured":"Tiebout CM (1956) A pure theory of local expenditures. J Polit Econ 64(5):416\u2013424","journal-title":"J Polit Econ"},{"key":"603_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040617-014317","volume":"39","author":"M Tracy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tracy M, Cerd\u00e1 M, Keyes KM (2018) Agent-based modeling in public health: current applications and future directions. Annu Rev Public Health 39:77\u201394","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"603_CR72","unstructured":"Treuil J-P, Drogoul A, Zucker D, Bourgine P, Perrier E (2008) Mod\u00e9lisation et simulation \u00e0 base d\u2019agents: exemples comment\u00e9s, outils informatiques et questions th\u00e9oriques (Masters, Ecoles d\u2019ing\u00e9nieurs). Sciences Sup Cours et Exemples Dunod"},{"key":"603_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.09.033","volume":"194","author":"J Vall\u00e9e","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9e J (2017) The daycourse of place. Soc Sci Med 194:177\u2013181","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"603_CR74","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9e J, Douet A, Le Roux G, Commenges H, Lecomte C, Villard E (2024) Mobiliscope, an open platform to explore cities and social mix around the clock. www.mobiliscope.cnrs.fr"},{"issue":"2","key":"603_CR75","first-page":"347","volume":"51","author":"J Vall\u00e9e","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9e J, Lenormand M (2024) Intersectional approach of everyday geography. Environ Plan B: Urban Anal City Sci 51(2):347\u2013365","journal-title":"Environ Plan B: Urban Anal City Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"603_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/02723638.2016.1142152","volume":"37","author":"M van Ham","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Ham M, Tammaru T (2016) New perspectives on ethnic segregation over time and space. A domains approach. Urban Geogr 37(7):953\u2013962","journal-title":"Urban Geogr"},{"key":"603_CR77","unstructured":"Van Ham M, Tammaru T, Janssen H (2018) A multi-level model of vicious circles of socio-economic segregation. Divided cities: understanding intra-urban inequalities, 135\u2013153"},{"key":"603_CR78","first-page":"162","volume-title":"Urban segregation and the welfare state","author":"P White","year":"2013","unstructured":"White P (2013) Ideologies, social exclusion and spatial segregation in Paris. In: Urban segregation and the welfare state. Routledge, London, pp\u00a0162\u2013181"},{"key":"603_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willem L, Verelst F, Bilcke J, Hens N, Beutels P (2017) Lessons from a decade of individual-based models for infectious disease transmission: a systematic review (2006-2015). BMC Infect Dis 17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2699-8"},{"key":"603_CR80","volume-title":"The truly disadvantaged: the inner city, the underclass, and public policy","author":"WJ Wilson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wilson WJ (1987) The truly disadvantaged: the inner city, the underclass, and public policy. Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago"},{"issue":"7","key":"603_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.301934","volume":"104","author":"D Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang D, Giabbanelli PJ, Arah OA, Zimmerman FJ (2014) Impact of different policies on unhealthy dietary behaviors in an urban adult population: an agent-based simulation model. Am J Public Health 104(7):1217\u20131222","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"}],"container-title":["EPJ Data Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00603-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00603-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00603-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T12:05:42Z","timestamp":1768392342000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00603-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00603-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-1127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-1127","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"5"}}