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However, multiplex relationships explaining different social contexts have been out of reach of this methodology, limiting our ability to understand this crucial aspect of social systems. We propose a method that infers latent social times from the weekly activity of large-scale contact metadata, and reconstruct multilayer networks where layers correspond to social times. We then analyze the\n                    <jats:italic>temporal multiplexity<\/jats:italic>\n                    of ties in a society-wide communication network of millions of individuals. This allows us to test the propositions of Feld\u2019s social focus theory across a society-wide network. We show that ties favour their own social times regardless of contact intensity, suggesting they reflect underlying social foci. We present a result on strength of monoplex ties, which indicates that monoplex ties are bridging and even more important for global network connectivity than the weak, low-contact ties. Finally, we show that social times are transitive, so that when egos use a social time for a small subset of alters, the alters use the social time among themselves as well. Our framework opens up a way to analyse large-scale communication as multiplex networks and uncovers society-level patterns of multiplex connectivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-025-00613-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T11:29:03Z","timestamp":1767698943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiplexity is temporal: effect of social times on network structure"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"Ure\u00f1a-Carrion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Heydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Talayeh","family":"Aledavood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Saram\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikko","family":"Kivel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"613_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.2307\/2577271","volume":"57","author":"LM Verbrugge","year":"1979","unstructured":"Verbrugge LM (1979) Multiplexity in adult friendships. 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