{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T19:01:32Z","timestamp":1776452492263,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF:06FY9100I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF:06FY9100I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF:05P19RFFCA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF:05P19RFFCA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur. Phys. J. A"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In nuclear collisions the incident protons generate a Coulomb field which acts on produced charged particles. The impact of these interactions on charged-pion transverse-mass and rapidity spectra, as well as on pion\u2013pion momentum correlations is investigated in Au + Au collisions at <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\sqrt{s_\\text {NN}}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msqrt>\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mtext>NN<\/mml:mtext>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                  <\/mml:msqrt>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> = 2.4\u00a0GeV. We show that the low-<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$m_t$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> region (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$m_t &lt; 0.2$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mi>m<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>0.2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>\u00a0 GeV\/<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$c^2$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msup>\n                    <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:msup>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) can be well described with a Coulomb-modified Boltzmann distribution that also takes changes of the Coulomb field during the expansion of the fireball into account. The observed centrality dependence of the fitted mean Coulomb potential energy deviates strongly from a <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$A_{\\text {part}}^{2\/3}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msubsup>\n                    <mml:mi>A<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mtext>part<\/mml:mtext>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:msubsup>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> scaling, indicating that, next to the fireball, the non-interacting charged spectators have to be taken into account. For the most central collisions, the Coulomb modifications of the HBT source radii are found to be consistent with the potential extracted from the single-pion transverse-mass distributions. This finding suggests that the region of homogeneity obtained from two-pion correlations coincides with the region in which the pions freeze-out. Using the inferred mean-square radius of the charge distribution at freeze-out, we have deduced a baryon density, in fair agreement with values obtained from statistical hadronization model fits to the particle yields.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/s10050-022-00796-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T10:05:45Z","timestamp":1662113145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of the Coulomb field on charged-pion spectra in few-GeV heavy-ion collisions"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Adamczewski-Musch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Behnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Belounnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Belyaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Berger-Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Blume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"B\u00f6hmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bordalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chernenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Chlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Ciepa\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Deveaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Dreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Epple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Fabbietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Fateev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Fonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Friese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Galatyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Garz\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Gernh\u00e4user","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Golubeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Greifenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Guber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Gumberidze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Harabasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hennino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hlavac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"H\u00f6hne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Holzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ierusalimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ivashkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"K\u00e4mpfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Karavicheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Kardan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kohls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B. W.","family":"Kolb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Korcyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kornakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Kornas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kugler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kurepin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kurilkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Kurilkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Ladygin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"Lalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Lapidus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Lebedev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Linev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Malige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mangiarotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Markert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Matulewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Maurus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Metag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Michel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"D. M.","family":"Mihaylov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Morozov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"M\u00fcntz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"R.","family":"M\u00fcnzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Nabroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nowakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Parpottas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Parschau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Pechenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Pechenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Petukhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Piasecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Pietraszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"W.","family":"Przygoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Pysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ramstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Rathod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Reshetin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rodriguez-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rosier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rustamov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Sadovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Salabura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Scheib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"N.","family":"Schild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Schuldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Scozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Seck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Sellheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"I.","family":"Selyuzhenkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Siebenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"U.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Smyrski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yu. G.","family":"Sobolev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Spataro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Spies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Str\u00f6bele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Stroth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sumara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"O.","family":"Svoboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Szala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Tlusty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Traxler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"H.","family":"Tsertos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Usenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V.","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Wendisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. G.","family":"Wiebusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Zanevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"P.","family":"Zumbruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"name":"HADES\u00a0collaboration","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"796_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.43.683","volume":"43","author":"W Benenson","year":"1979","unstructured":"W. Benenson, G. Bertsch, G.M. Crawley, E. Kashy, J.A. Nolen, H. Bowman, J.G. Ingersoll, J.O. Rasmussen, J. Sullivan, M. Koike et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 683\u2013686 (1979). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.43.683","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"796_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.24.971","volume":"24","author":"S Nagamiya","year":"1981","unstructured":"S. Nagamiya, M.C. Lemaire, E. Moller, S. Schnetzer, G. Shapiro, H. Steiner, I. Tanihata, Phys. Rev. C 24, 971\u20131009 (1981). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.24.971","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.25.1499","volume":"25","author":"JP Sullivan","year":"1982","unstructured":"J.P. Sullivan, J.A. Bistirlich, H.R. Bowman, R. Bossingham, T. Buttke, K.M. Crowe, K.A. Frankel, C.J. Martoff, J. Miller, D.L. Murphy et al., Phys. Rev. C 25, 1499\u20131517 (1982). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.25.1499","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.43.1581","volume":"43","author":"KG Libbrecht","year":"1979","unstructured":"K.G. Libbrecht, S.E. Koonin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1581\u20131584 (1979). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.43.1581","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"796_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9474(81)90507-8","volume":"362","author":"M Gyulassy","year":"1981","unstructured":"M. Gyulassy, S.K. Kauffmann, Nucl. Phys. A 362, 503\u2013533 (1981). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0375-9474(81)90507-8","journal-title":"Nucl. Phys. A"},{"key":"796_CR6","unstructured":"C.\u00a0M\u00fcntz [E802, E866 and KaoS], Acta Phys. Polon. B 29 (1998), 3253-3257 [arXiv:nucl-ex\/9807001 [nucl-ex]]"},{"key":"796_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Wagner, C.\u00a0M\u00fcntz, H.\u00a0Oeschler, C.\u00a0T.\u00a0Sturm, R.\u00a0Barth, M.\u00a0Cieslak, M.\u00a0Debowski, E.\u00a0Grosse, P.\u00a0Koczon, M.\u00a0Mang, et al. Phys. Lett. B 420, 20\u201324 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0370-2693(97)01549-9. arXiv:nucl-ex\/9712004 [nucl-ex]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0370-2693(97)01549-9"},{"key":"796_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B. Hong et al., [FOPI]. Phys. Rev. C 71, 034902 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.71.034902. arXiv:nucl-ex\/0501021 [nucl-ex]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.71.034902"},{"key":"796_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Barrette et al., [E877]. Phys. Rev. C 62, 024901 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.62.024901. arXiv:nucl-ex\/9910004 [nucl-ex]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.62.024901"},{"key":"796_CR10","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Cebra, S.\u00a0G.\u00a0Brovko, C.\u00a0E.\u00a0Flores, B.\u00a0A.\u00a0Haag, J.\u00a0L.\u00a0Klay, arXiv:1408.1369 [nucl-ex]"},{"key":"796_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H. B\u00f8ggild et al., [NA44]. Phys. Lett. B 372, 339\u2013342 (1996). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0370-2693(96)00114-1","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-2693(96)00114-1"},{"key":"796_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"B.\u00a0A.\u00a0Li, Phys. Lett. B 346, 5\u20138 (1995). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0370-2693(95)00010-I. arXiv:nucl-th\/9501001 [nucl-th]","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-2693(95)00010-I"},{"key":"796_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Baym, P.\u00a0Braun-Munzinger, Nucl. Phys. A 610, 286C\u2013296C (1996). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0375-9474(96)00363-6. arXiv:nucl-th\/9606055 [nucl-th]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-9474(96)00363-6"},{"key":"796_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H.\u00a0W.\u00a0Barz, J.\u00a0P.\u00a0Bondorf, J.\u00a0J.\u00a0Gaardhoje, H.\u00a0Heiselberg, Phys. Rev. C 57, 2536\u20132546 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.57.2536. arXiv:nucl-th\/9711064 [nucl-th]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.57.2536"},{"key":"796_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Ayala, J.\u00a0I.\u00a0Kapusta, Phys. Rev. C 56, 407\u2013411 (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.56.407. arXiv:hep-ph\/9701401 [hep-ph]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.56.407"},{"key":"796_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Ayala, S.\u00a0Jeon, J.\u00a0I.\u00a0Kapusta, Phys. Rev. C 59, 3324\u20133328 (1999). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.59.3324. arXiv:nucl-th\/9807062 [nucl-th]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.59.3324"},{"key":"796_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054903","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.75.054903","volume":"75","author":"A Rybicki","year":"2007","unstructured":"A. Rybicki, A. Szczurek, Phys. Rev. C 75, 054903 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.75.054903. [arXiv:nucl-th\/0610036 [nucl-th]]","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V.\u00a0Ozvenchuk, A.\u00a0Rybicki, A.\u00a0Szczurek, A.\u00a0Marcinek, M.\u00a0Kie\u0142bowicz, Phys. Rev. C 102, no.1, 014901 (2020) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.102.014901. arXiv:1910.04544 [nucl-th]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.102.014901"},{"key":"796_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Estee et al. [S$$\\pi $$RIT], Phys. Rev. Lett. 126(16), 162701 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.162701. arXiv:2103.06861 [nucl-ex]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.126.162701"},{"key":"796_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2022.136915","volume":"826","author":"JR Stone","year":"2022","unstructured":"J.R. Stone, P. Danielewicz, Y. Iwata, Phys. Lett. B 826, 136915 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physletb.2022.136915","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"796_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.29.2173","volume":"29","author":"WA Zajc","year":"1984","unstructured":"W.A. Zajc, J.A. Bistirlich, R.R. Bossingham, H.R. Bowman, C.W. Clawson, K.M. Crowe, K.A. Frankel, J.G. Ingersoll, J.M. Kurck, C.J. Martoff et al., Phys. Rev. C 29, 2173\u20132187 (1984). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.29.2173","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR22","unstructured":"Lanczos, C.: The Variational Principles of Mechanics. Unabridged Dover (1986) republication of the fourth edition published by University of Toronto Press, Toronto (1970)"},{"key":"796_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.43.2670","volume":"43","author":"AD Chacon","year":"1991","unstructured":"A.D. Chacon, J.A. Bistirlich, R.R. Bossingham, H. Bossy, H.R. Bowman, C.W. Clawson, K.M. Crowe, T.J. Humanic, M. Justice, P. Kammel et al., Phys. Rev. C 43, 2670\u20132688 (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.43.2670","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.45.2836","volume":"45","author":"WB Christie","year":"1992","unstructured":"W.B. Christie, W.F.J. Mueller, D.L. Olson, T.J.M. Symons, H.H. Wieman, D. Beavis, F.P. Brady, J.L. Romero, C.E. Tull, T. Abbott et al., Phys. Rev. C 45, 2836\u20132853 (1992). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.45.2836","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevD.33.72","volume":"33","author":"S Pratt","year":"1986","unstructured":"S. Pratt, Phys. Rev. D 33, 72\u201379 (1986). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevD.33.72","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. D"},{"key":"796_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lounesto, P.: Clifford Algebras and Spinors. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526022"},{"key":"796_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"H.\u00a0W.\u00a0Barz, Phys. Rev. C 59 (1999), 2214-2220 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.59.2214[arXiv:nucl-th\/9808027 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.59.2214"},{"key":"796_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034907","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.80.034907","volume":"80","author":"R Maj","year":"2009","unstructured":"R. Maj, S. Mrowczynski, Phys. Rev. C 80, 034907 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.80.034907. arXiv:0903.0111 [nucl-th]","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Adamczewski-Musch et al. [HADES], Phys. Lett. B 795, 446\u2013451 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physletb.2019.06.047. arXiv:1811.06213 [nucl-ex]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2019.06.047"},{"key":"796_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Adamczewski-Musch et al. [HADES], Eur. Phys. J. A 56 (2020) no.5, 140 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epja\/s10050-020-00116-w[arXiv:1910.07885 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/s10050-020-00116-w"},{"key":"796_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Agakishiev et al. [HADES], Eur. Phys. J. A 41 (2009), 243-277 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epja\/i2009-10807-5[arXiv:0902.3478 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2009-10807-5"},{"key":"796_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Adamczewski-Musch et al. [HADES], Eur. Phys. J. A 56 (2020) no.10, 259 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epja\/s10050-020-00237-2[arXiv:2005.08774 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/s10050-020-00237-2"},{"key":"796_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"W.\u00a0Reisdorf et al. [FOPI], Nucl. Phys. A 848 (2010), 366-427 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2010.09.008[arXiv:1005.3418 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nuclphysa.2010.09.008"},{"key":"796_CR34","unstructured":"H.\u00a0Schuldes, Charged kaon and$$\\phi $$reconstruction in Au+Au collisions at 1.23$$A$$GeV, PhD thesis, G.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (2016)"},{"key":"796_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.42.880","volume":"42","author":"PJ Siemens","year":"1979","unstructured":"P.J. Siemens, J.O. Rasmussen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 880\u2013887 (1979). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.42.880","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"796_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"I.\u00a0Fr\u00f6hlich, L.\u00a0Cazon, T.\u00a0Galatyuk, V.\u00a0Hejny, R.\u00a0Holzmann, M.\u00a0Kagarlis, W.\u00a0K\u00fchn, J.\u00a0G.\u00a0Messchendorp, V.\u00a0Metag, M.\u00a0A.\u00a0Pleier, et al. PoS ACAT (2007), 076 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22323\/1.050.0076[arXiv:0708.2382 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.22323\/1.050.0076"},{"key":"796_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Adamczewski-Musch et al. [HADES], Eur. Phys. J. A 54 (2018) no.5, 85 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epja\/i2018-12513-7[arXiv:1712.07993 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2018-12513-7"},{"key":"796_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Teis, W.\u00a0Cassing, M.\u00a0Effenberger, A.\u00a0Hombach, U.\u00a0Mosel, G.\u00a0Wolf, Z. Phys. A 359 (1997), 297-304 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002180050405[arXiv:nucl-th\/9701057 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1007\/s002180050405"},{"key":"796_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V.\u00a0S.\u00a0Uma Maheswari, C.\u00a0Fuchs, A.\u00a0Faessler, L.\u00a0Sehn, D.\u00a0S.\u00a0Kosov, Z.\u00a0Wang, Nucl. Phys. A 628 (1998), 669-685 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0375-9474(97)00646-5[arXiv:nucl-th\/9706004 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1016\/S0375-9474(97)00646-5"},{"key":"796_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-1573(86)90134-1","volume":"135","author":"R Stock","year":"1986","unstructured":"R. Stock, Phys. Rept. 135, 259\u2013315 (1986). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0370-1573(86)90134-1","journal-title":"Phys. Rept."},{"key":"796_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2021.136421","volume":"819","author":"J Adamczewski-Musch","year":"2021","unstructured":"J. Adamczewski-Musch, O. Arnold, C. Behnke, A. Belounnas, A. Belyaev, J.C. Berger-Chen, A. Blanco, C. Blume, M. B\u00f6hmer, P. Bordalo et al., Phys. Lett. B 819, 136421 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physletb.2021.136421. [arXiv:2012.01351 [nucl-ex]]","journal-title":"Phys. Lett. B"},{"key":"796_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.120.300","volume":"120","author":"G Goldhaber","year":"1960","unstructured":"G. Goldhaber, S. Goldhaber, W.Y. Lee, A. Pais, Phys. Rev. 120, 300\u2013312 (1960). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRev.120.300","journal-title":"Phys. Rev."},{"key":"796_CR43","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Baym, Acta Phys. Polon. B 29 (1998), 1839-1884 [arXiv:nucl-th\/9804026 [nucl-th]]"},{"key":"796_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Hardtke, T.\u00a0J.\u00a0Humanic, Phys. Rev. C 57 (1998), 3314-3318 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.57.3314 [arXiv:nucl-th\/9710010 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.57.3314"},{"key":"796_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"O.\u00a0Buss, L.\u00a0Alvarez-Ruso, P.\u00a0M\u00fchlich, U.\u00a0Mosel, Eur. Phys. J. A 29 (2006), 189-207 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epja\/i2006-10075-y[arXiv:nucl-th\/0603003 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2006-10075-y"},{"key":"796_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V.\u00a0Metag, M.\u00a0Nanova, E.\u00a0Y.\u00a0Paryev, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 97 (2017), 199-260 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ppnp.2017.08.002[arXiv:1706.09654 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ppnp.2017.08.002"},{"key":"796_CR47","unstructured":"L.\u00a0D.\u00a0Landau, E.\u00a0M.\u00a0Lifshitz Statistical Physics 2nd ed. Course of Theoretical Physics, ed2, vol5, 1969,"},{"key":"796_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Harabasz, W.\u00a0Florkowski, T.\u00a0Galatyuk, M.\u00a0Gumberidze, R.\u00a0Ryblewski, P.\u00a0Salabura, J.\u00a0Stroth, Phys. Rev. C 102 (2020) no.5, 054903 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.102.054903[arXiv:2003.12992 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.102.054903"},{"key":"796_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Andronic, P.\u00a0Braun-Munzinger, K.\u00a0Redlich and J.\u00a0Stachel, Nature 561 (2018) no.7723, 321-330 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0491-6[arXiv:1710.09425 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0491-6"},{"key":"796_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"F.\u00a0Becattini, J.\u00a0Steinheimer, R.\u00a0Stock, M.\u00a0Bleicher, Phys. Lett. B 764 (2017), 241-246 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physletb.2016.11.033[arXiv:1605.09694 [nucl-th]]","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physletb.2016.11.033"},{"key":"796_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034905","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.73.034905","volume":"73","author":"J Cleymans","year":"2006","unstructured":"J. Cleymans, H. Oeschler, K. Redlich, S. Wheaton, Phys. Rev. C 73, 034905 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.73.034905. [arXiv:hep-ph\/0511094 [hep-ph]]","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"044904","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.96.044904","volume":"96","author":"L Adamczyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"L. Adamczyk et al., STAR. Phys. Rev. C 96, 044904 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.96.044904. [arXiv:1701.07065 [nucl-ex]]","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"X. Lopez et al., FOPI. Phys. Rev. C 76, 052203 (2007). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.76.052203. [arXiv:0710.5007 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.76.052203"},{"key":"796_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Agakishiev et al. [HADES], Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) no.6, 178 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epja\/i2016-16178-x[arXiv:1512.07070 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1140\/epja\/i2016-16178-x"},{"key":"796_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"054905","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.68.054905","volume":"68","author":"JL Klay","year":"2003","unstructured":"J.L. Klay et al., E895. Phys. Rev. C 68, 054905 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.68.054905. [arXiv:nucl-ex\/0306033 [nucl-ex]]","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. C"},{"key":"796_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Alt et al., [NA49]. Phys. Rev. C 77, 024903 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.77.024903. [arXiv:0710.0118 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.77.024903"},{"key":"796_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Alt et al., [NA49]. Phys. Rev. C 73, 044910 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevC.73.044910. [arXiv:nucl-ex\/0512033 [nucl-ex]]","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevC.73.044910"}],"container-title":["The European Physical Journal A"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1140\/epja\/s10050-022-00796-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1140\/epja\/s10050-022-00796-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1140\/epja\/s10050-022-00796-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T12:14:50Z","timestamp":1666008890000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1140\/epja\/s10050-022-00796-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epja\/s10050-022-00796-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-601X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-601X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"166"}}