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C"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Novel methods to reconstruct the slant depth of the maximum of the longitudinal profile ($$X_{\\mathrm{max}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>X<\/mml:mi>max<\/mml:mi><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) of high-energy showers initiated by gamma-rays as well as their energy ($$E_0$$<\/jats:tex-math>E<\/mml:mi>0<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) are presented. The methods were developed for gamma rays with energies ranging from a few hundred GeV to$$\\sim 10$$<\/jats:tex-math>\u223c<\/mml:mo>10<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>TeV. An estimator of$$X_{\\mathrm{max}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>X<\/mml:mi>max<\/mml:mi><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>is obtained, event-by-event, from its correlation with the distribution of the arrival time of the particles at the ground, or the signal at the ground for lower energies. An estimator of$$E_0$$<\/jats:tex-math>E<\/mml:mi>0<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>is obtained, event-by-event, using a parametrization that has as inputs the total measured energy at the ground, the amount of energy contained in a region near to the shower core and the estimated$$X_{\\mathrm{max}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>X<\/mml:mi>max<\/mml:mi><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. Resolutions about$$40 \\, (20)\\,\\mathrm{g\/cm^2}$$<\/jats:tex-math>40<\/mml:mn>(<\/mml:mo>20<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow>g<\/mml:mi>\/<\/mml:mo>cm<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msup><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>and about$$30 \\, (20)\\%$$<\/jats:tex-math>30<\/mml:mn>(<\/mml:mo>20<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo>%<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>for, respectively,$$X_{\\mathrm{max}}$$<\/jats:tex-math>X<\/mml:mi>max<\/mml:mi><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>and$$E_0$$<\/jats:tex-math>E<\/mml:mi>0<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>at$$1 \\, (10) \\ \\mathrm {TeV}$$<\/jats:tex-math>1<\/mml:mn>(<\/mml:mo>10<\/mml:mn>)<\/mml:mo>TeV<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>energies are obtained, considering vertical showers. The obtained results are auspicious and can lead to the opening of new physics avenues for large wide field-of-view gamma-ray observatories. The dependence of the resolutions with experimental conditions is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epjc\/s10052-021-08883-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T07:04:48Z","timestamp":1611558288000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["New methods to reconstruct $$X_{\\mathrm{max}}$$ and the energy of gamma-ray air showers with high accuracy in large wide-field observatories"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4945-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"8883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.13.240","volume":"13","author":"B Rossi","year":"1941","unstructured":"B. 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