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C"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${}^{37}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msup>\n                    <mml:mrow\/>\n                    <mml:mn>37<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:msup>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two mono-energetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keV are measured to be (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$32.3\\,\\pm \\,0.3$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mn>32.3<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mspace\/>\n                    <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mspace\/>\n                    <mml:mn>0.3<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) photons\/keV and (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$40.6\\,\\pm \\,0.5$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mn>40.6<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mspace\/>\n                    <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mspace\/>\n                    <mml:mn>0.5<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) electrons\/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keV is also measured and it is (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$68.0^{+6.3}_{-3.7}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mn>68<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mo>.<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:msubsup>\n                      <mml:mn>0<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>3.7<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo>\n                        <mml:mn>6.3<\/mml:mn>\n                      <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <\/mml:msubsup>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) electrons\/keV. The <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${}^{37}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msup>\n                    <mml:mrow\/>\n                    <mml:mn>37<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:msup>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$2.83\\,\\pm \\,0.02$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mn>2.83<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mspace\/>\n                    <mml:mo>\u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mspace\/>\n                    <mml:mn>0.02<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${}^{37}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msup>\n                    <mml:mrow\/>\n                    <mml:mn>37<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:msup>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epjc\/s10052-023-11512-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T16:03:01Z","timestamp":1687881781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal $$^{{\\textbf {37}}}$$Ar source"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Aprile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"K.","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"F.","family":"Agostini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ahmed Maouloud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Alfonsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"L.","family":"Althueser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"B.","family":"Andrieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E.","family":"Angelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. 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