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Among the four nucleosides, thymidine and guanosine showed more evident structural modifications, while cytidine and adenosine were relatively stable. In addition, nucleosides displayed greater susceptibility to LEE-induced structural changes than their corresponding nucleobases. This study reveals the selective damage mechanisms of LEEs on various DNA constituents, which may provide mechanistic insights for future developments in precision cancer therapy based on molecular-level damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1140\/epjd\/s10053-025-01068-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:52:15Z","timestamp":1759733535000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interaction of 25\u00a0eV electrons with DNA constituents: XPS analysis of calf thymus DNA, nucleosides, and nucleobases"],"prefix":"10.1140","volume":"79","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2066-1303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Pereira-da-Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8574-701X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5778-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo-An","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0637-7899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pitambar","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2182-2965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe Ferreira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7550-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Ptasi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1068_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2017.01.004","volume":"34","author":"M Ahmad","year":"2017","unstructured":"M. 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