{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T16:04:20Z","timestamp":1778256260688,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Neur. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Implementing a complex spelling program using a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain\u2013computer interface (BCI) remains a challenge due to difficulties in stimulus presentation and target identification. This study aims to explore the feasibility of mixed frequency and phase coding in building a high-speed SSVEP speller with a computer monitor. A frequency and phase approximation approach was developed to eliminate the limitation of the number of targets caused by the monitor refresh rate, resulting in a speller comprising 32 flickers specified by eight frequencies (8\u201315 Hz with a 1 Hz interval) and four phases (0\u00b0, 90\u00b0, 180\u00b0, and 270\u00b0). A multi-channel approach incorporating Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and SSVEP training data was proposed for target identification. In a simulated online experiment, at a spelling rate of 40 characters per minute, the system obtained an averaged information transfer rate (ITR) of 166.91 bits\/min across 13 subjects with a maximum individual ITR of 192.26 bits\/min, the highest ITR ever reported in electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCIs. The results of this study demonstrate great potential of a high-speed SSVEP-based BCI in real-life applications. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0129065714500191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]],"date-time":"2014-04-28T03:54:37Z","timestamp":1398657277000},"page":"1450019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":343,"title":["A HIGH-SPEED BRAIN SPELLER USING STEADY-STATE VISUAL EVOKED POTENTIALS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"MASAKI","family":"NAKANISHI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YIJUN","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YU-TE","family":"WANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YASUE","family":"MITSUKURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TZYY-PING","family":"JUNG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for Neural Computation, Center for Advanced Neurological Engineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00057-3"},{"key":"rf2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.07.004"},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70223-0"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2013-0032"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065712002979"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065712500098"},{"key":"rf7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065712500220"},{"key":"rf8","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"Mueller-Putz G. 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