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J. Neur. Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Despite many advances in the development of retinal prostheses, clinical reports show that current retinal prosthesis subjects can only perceive prosthetic vision with poor visual acuity. A possible approach for improving visual acuity is to produce virtual electrodes (VEs) through electric field modulation. Generating controllable and localized VEs is a crucial factor in effectively improving the perceptive resolution of the retinal prostheses. In this paper, we aimed to design a microelectrode array (MEA) that can produce converged and controllable VEs by current steering stimulation strategies. Through computational modeling, we designed a three-dimensional concentric ring\u2013disc MEA and evaluated its performance with different stimulation strategies. Our simulation results showed that electrode\u2013retina distance (ERD) and inter-electrode distance (IED) can dramatically affect the distribution of electric field. Also the converged VEs could be produced when the parameters of the three-dimensional MEA were appropriately set. VE sites can be controlled by manipulating the proportion of current on each adjacent electrode in a current steering group (CSG). In addition, spatial localization of electrical stimulation can be greatly improved under quasi-monopolar (QMP) stimulation. This study may provide support for future application of VEs in epiretinal prosthesis for potentially increasing the visual acuity of prosthetic vision. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0129065720500069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T01:36:23Z","timestamp":1575855383000},"page":"2050006","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Array to Generate Virtual Electrodes for Epiretinal Prosthesis Based on a Modeling Study"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Lyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Zhuofan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. 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