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In this work, we investigate the computational properties of this variant, by proposing three solutions to computationally hard problems, by models with different features, and comparing them with those present in the literature. In particular, we first propose a nondeterministic solution for the NP-complete problem 3-SAT, by a model using dynamic organization of synapses. Then, we propose a deterministic solution for the same problem, by a model using neuron division and dissolution rules. Finally, we show that dissolution rules are not strictly necessary (by accepting a certain amount of slowdown in computing time), and that also problems beyond the class NP can be solved by systems with neuron division alone. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0129065722500368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T10:40:54Z","timestamp":1653388854000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["On Spiking Neural Membrane Systems with Neuron and Synapse Creation"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Gatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemistica e Comunicazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336\/14, Milano 20126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Leporati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemistica e Comunicazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336\/14, Milano 20126, Italy"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Zandron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemistica e Comunicazione, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Viale Sarca 336\/14, Milano 20126, Italy"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"S0129065722500368BIB001","first-page":"279","volume":"71","author":"Ionescu M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fundam. 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