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However, DNNs face persistent challenges in addressing the inter-person variability inherent in EEG signals, which limits their generalizability. To tackle this limitation, we propose a novel framework that integrates conditional identification information, leveraging the interaction between EEG signals and individual traits to enhance the model\u2019s internal representation and improve decoding accuracy. Building on this foundation, we further introduce a privacy-preserving conditional information generator \u2014 a generative model that derives embedding knowledge directly from raw EEG signals. This approach eliminates the need for personal identification via individual tests, ensuring both efficiency and privacy. Experimental evaluations conducted on WithMe dataset confirm that this framework outperforms baseline network architectures. Notably, our approach achieves substantial improvements in decoding accuracy for both familiar and unseen subjects, paving the way for efficient, robust, and privacy-conscious human\u2013computer interface systems. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0129065725500248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T03:41:28Z","timestamp":1740800488000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electroencephalography Decoding with Conditional Identification Generator"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1855-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University Gent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5253-7174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorg De","family":"Winne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University Gent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2345-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4940-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Devos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University Gent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7756-7238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dick","family":"Botteldooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Technology, Ghent University Gent, Belgium"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-1113-4"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.09.017"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000512985"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065721500088"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414549015"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-024-02122-7"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2023.3303308"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCDS.2024.3376433"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-230714"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2022.104234"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065723500077"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12845"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2020.3014842"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3190448"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065723500260"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065723500673"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089892999563544"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.894366"},{"key":"S0129065725500248BIB019","first-page":"130","author":"Sun P.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. 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