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In the second part of this paper, we review applications of simulation optimization in various contexts, with detailed discussions on health care, logistics, and manufacturing systems. Finally, we explore the potential of simulation optimization in the new era. Specifically, we discuss how simulation optimization can benefit from cloud computing and high-performance computing, its integration with big data analytics, and the value of simulation optimization to help address challenges in engineering design of complex systems. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0217595915500190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T09:16:54Z","timestamp":1429694214000},"page":"1550019","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Simulation Optimization: A Review and Exploration in the New Era of Cloud Computing and Big Data"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research, 4400 University Dr., MS 4A6, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research, 4400 University Dr., MS 4A6, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Engineering and Operations Research, 4400 University Dr., MS 4A6, George Mason University, Fairfax VA 22030, USA"}]},{"given":"Loo Hay","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.10.025"},{"key":"rf2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-005-5728-8"},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.45.5.748"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1057\/mel.2010.11"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.42.5.717"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Andrad\u00f3ttir, Handbooks in Operations Research and Management Science\u00a013, eds. 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