{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T16:27:44Z","timestamp":1769272064544,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Asia Pac. J. Oper. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Simulation optimization can be used to solve many complex optimization problems in automation applications such as job scheduling and inventory control. We propose a new framework to perform efficient simulation optimization when simulation models with different fidelity levels are available. The framework consists of two novel methodologies: ordinal transformation (OT) and optimal sampling (OS). The OT methodology uses the low-fidelity simulations to transform the original solution space into an ordinal space that encapsulates useful information from the low-fidelity model. The OS methodology efficiently uses high-fidelity simulations to sample the transformed space in search of the optimal solution. Through theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, we demonstrate the promising performance of the multi-fidelity optimization with ordinal transformation and optimal sampling (MO<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>TOS) framework. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0217595916500172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,21]],"date-time":"2016-05-21T20:00:38Z","timestamp":1463860838000},"page":"1650017","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["MO<sup>2<\/sup>TOS: Multi-Fidelity Optimization with Ordinal Transformation and Optimal Sampling"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Engineering and Operations Research, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Engineering and Operations Research, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Engineering and Operations Research, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States"}]},{"given":"Loo Hay","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge 119260, Singapore"}]},{"given":"Nurcin","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, The University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB002","volume-title":"Stochastic Simulation Optimization: An Optimal Computing Budget Allocation.","author":"Chen C-H","year":"2011"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008349927281"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2013.2251881"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722162"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118625651"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB007","volume-title":"Ordinal Optimization: Soft Optimization for Hard Problems.","author":"Ho Y-C","year":"2008"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-005-0587-0"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB009","first-page":"19","volume":"7","author":"Lee LH","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Operations Research"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/1.J051125"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1667072.1667075"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB013","author":"Xu J","year":"2014","journal-title":"Under Review for Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research."},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.1110.0481"},{"key":"S0217595916500172BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2012.2200887"}],"container-title":["Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0217595916500172","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T17:59:46Z","timestamp":1565200786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0217595916500172"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0217595916500172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0217595916500172","relation":{},"ISSN":["0217-5959","1793-7019"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0217-5959","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-7019","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}}}