{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,3]],"date-time":"2022-04-03T04:01:39Z","timestamp":1648958499211},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In this paper an learning vector quantization network architecture based on varying parameters and eliminating blind neurons<jats:sup>28<\/jats:sup> is developed that learns the correlation of gender patterns and recognizes facial expressions of human faces. The network is developed to classify the 1 \u2014 neutral, 2 \u2014 smile or happiness, 3 \u2014 anger and 4 \u2014 scream or fear expressions. A peak accuracy rate of (a) 100% on the expression recognition task and (b) 100% on the gender recognition task for random training and test samples is achieved. The computer execution time for the recognition is about 0.004 seconds per face image for the latex expression classification task and 0.02 for the gender recognition task on an IBM PC. It is demonstrated that the proposed architecture is capable of achieving better recognition results with both good generalization performance and a fast training-time on a variety of test problems. The developed system showed potential for real life application domains. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001402001538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:58:59Z","timestamp":1027767539000},"page":"27-51","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A PARAMETER-BASED COMBINED CLASSIFIER FOR INVARIANT FACIAL EXPRESSION AND GENDER RECOGNITION"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"G. A.","family":"KHUWAJA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Department, Kuwait University, P O Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. S.","family":"LAGHARI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, P O Box 17555, Al Ain, U.A.E."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"p_1","author":"Barron A. R.","year":"1984","journal-title":"S. J. Farlow, Marcel Dekker, NY"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"113","volume":"14","author":"Barron A. R.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1989.1.1.1"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"1431","author":"Beymer D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA, AI Memo"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00198964"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p220153"},{"key":"p_8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1998.670976"},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"592","volume":"1","author":"Colmenarez A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Society Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"p_10","first-page":"564","volume":"3","author":"Cottrell G. W.","year":"1991","journal-title":"R. P. Lippman, J. Moody and D. S. Touretzky, San Mateo, CA"},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.799905"},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1994.323813"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598232"},{"key":"p_23","first-page":"157","volume":"4","author":"Harashima H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Human Interface"},{"key":"p_26","first-page":"250","author":"Ji C.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proc. 4th Workshop Computation Learning Theory"},{"key":"p_28","author":"Khuwaja G. A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"accepted for publication in Int. J. Comput. Appl. Tech."},{"key":"p_29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.1994.365927"},{"key":"p_31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598231"},{"key":"p_32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.216724"},{"key":"p_33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.817413"},{"key":"p_35","first-page":"195","author":"Mase K.","year":"1990","journal-title":"IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision and Application"},{"key":"p_36","first-page":"3474","volume":"10","author":"Mase K.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans. IEICE E74"},{"key":"p_37","first-page":"513","volume":"1","author":"Matsuno K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Third European Conf. Computer Vision (ECCV )"},{"key":"p_38","first-page":"1591","volume":"8","author":"Matsuno K.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans. IEICE J77-DII"},{"key":"p_39","first-page":"286","volume":"1","author":"Moses Y.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. European Conf. Computer Vision"},{"key":"p_40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1992.4.4.473"},{"key":"p_41","first-page":"113","author":"Pantic M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. 11th IEEE Int. Conf. Tools with Artificial Intelligence, IEEE"},{"key":"p_44","first-page":"5","volume":"7","author":"Rosenblum M.","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Networks"},{"key":"p_45","first-page":"55","volume":"2","author":"Sakai K.","year":"1972","journal-title":"First USA-Japan Computer Conf."},{"key":"p_46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.705335"},{"key":"p_47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.784228"},{"key":"p_48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(95)00073-9"},{"key":"p_49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.216726"},{"key":"p_50","first-page":"39","volume":"2","author":"Tesauro G.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Compl. Syst."},{"key":"p_52","first-page":"11","volume":"27","author":"Valient L. G.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"p_54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00132-X"},{"key":"p_56","first-page":"6","volume":"8","author":"Yacoob Y.","year":"1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Patt. Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"p_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1994.323812","author":"Yacoob Y.","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},{"key":"p_60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1989.37836"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218001402001538","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T02:23:24Z","timestamp":1565144604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218001402001538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218001402001538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218001402001538","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-0014","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,2]]}}}