{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T20:33:44Z","timestamp":1648758824736},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"06","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Accurate measurement of poses and expressions can increase the efficiency of recognition systems by avoiding the recognition of spurious faces. This paper presents a novel and robust pose-expression invariant face recognition method in order to improve the existing face recognition techniques. First, we apply the TSL color model for detecting facial region and estimate the vector X-Y-Z of face using connected components analysis. Second, the input face is mapped by a deformable 3D facial model. Third, the mapped face is transformed to the frontal face which appropriates for face recognition by the estimated pose vector and action unit of expression. Finally, the damaged regions which occur during the process of normalization are reconstructed using PCA. Several empirical tests are used to validate the application of face detection model and the method for estimating facial poses and expression. In addition, the tests suggest that recognition rate is greatly boosted through the normalization of the poses and expression. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001406005010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,25]],"date-time":"2006-09-25T06:59:17Z","timestamp":1159167557000},"page":"869-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["POSE-EXPRESSION NORMALIZATION FOR FACE RECOGNITION USING CONNECTED COMPONENTS ANALYSIS"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"JAE-YOUNG","family":"CHOI","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TAEG-KEUN","family":"WHANGBO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Kyungwon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YOUNG-GYU","family":"YANG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Kyungwon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MURLIKRISHNA","family":"VISWANATHAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Kyungwon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NAK-BIN","family":"KIM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Kyungwon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 461-701, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf2","first-page":"405","volume":"93","author":"Ahlberg J.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Vid. Technol."},{"key":"rf3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.254061"},{"key":"rf8","volume-title":"Facial Action Coding System: A Technique for the Measurement of Facial Movement","author":"Ekman P.","year":"1978"},{"key":"rf9","first-page":"236","volume":"3","author":"Hjelmas E.","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Imag. Underst."},{"key":"rf10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.908974"},{"key":"rf11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.655648"},{"key":"rf13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71"},{"key":"rf17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1008383"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218001406005010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T13:01:15Z","timestamp":1565096475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218001406005010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"06","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218001406005010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218001406005010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-0014","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]}}}