{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:36:32Z","timestamp":1773081392393,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article describes a kinematic theory, called the B\u00eata-elliptic model, for generating handwriting movements. The model consists of a sequential controller producing a curvilinear velocity approximated by B\u00eata profiles. This earlier interacts with a trajectory generator to provide elliptic strokes. As an application to our model, we consider a redundant seven degrees of freedom manipulator having a kinematic structure similar to that of a human arm. We treat to demonstrate how the B\u00eata-elliptic theory enables a simple motor program to generate complex curvilinear movements that have many of the properties that humans exhibit when they produce cursive script. <\/jats:p><jats:p> B\u00eata-elliptic properties enable a simple control strategy to generate complex handwritten script if the hand model contains redundant degrees of freedom. Here, we restrict our analysis to a total of seven degrees of freedom from the shoulder to the wrist. The proposed controller launches transient commands to independent hand synergies at times when the hand begins to move. The B\u00eata-elliptic model transforms these synergy commands into smooth curvilinear velocity fitted by B\u00eata profiles among temporally overlapping synergetic units of trajectory approximated by elliptic strokes. In experiments, and at first sight, good phenomenological agreement with natural movement trajectories is found. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001407005272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]],"date-time":"2007-02-27T08:47:09Z","timestamp":1172566029000},"page":"5-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["ON THE B\u00caTA-ELLIPTIC MODEL FOR THE CONTROL OF THE HUMAN ARM MOVEMENT"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"HALA","family":"BEZINE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Intelligent Machines, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Tunisia, BP. W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"MEHDI","family":"KEFI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Intelligent Machines, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Tunisia, BP. W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia"}]},{"given":"ADEL M.","family":"ALIMI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Intelligent Machines, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Tunisia, BP. W, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","unstructured":"M. A.\u00a0Alimi, TASK Quart. J., Special Issue on \"Neural Networks\"\u00a07, eds. W.\u00a0Duch and D.\u00a0Rutkowska (2003)\u00a0pp. 23\u201341."},{"key":"rf3","volume-title":"Math\u00e9matiques:G\u00e9om\u00e9trie","volume":"5","author":"Azoulay E.","year":"1986"},{"key":"rf4","volume-title":"Non Linear Parameter Estimation","author":"Bard Y.","year":"1974"},{"key":"rf5","volume-title":"G\u00e9om\u00e9trie: Formes Quadratiques, Quadriques et Coniques","volume":"4","author":"Berger M.","year":"1981"},{"key":"rf6","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Bullock and S.\u00a0Grossberg, Neural Networks and Natural Intelligence, ed. 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