{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T23:38:50Z","timestamp":1704843530462},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"08","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Most face recognition approaches require a prior training where a given distribution of faces is assumed to further predict the identity of test faces. Such an approach may experience difficulty in identifying faces belonging to distributions different from the one provided during the training. A face recognition technique that performs well regardless of training is, therefore, interesting to consider as a basis of more sophisticated methods. In this work, the Census Transform is applied to describe the faces. Based on a scanning window which extracts local histograms of Census Features, we present a method that directly matches face samples. With this simple technique, 97.2% of the faces in the FERET f<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\/f<jats:sub>b<\/jats:sub> test were correctly recognized. Despite being an easy test set, we have found no other approaches in literature regarding straight comparisons of faces with such a performance. Also, a window for further improvement is presented. Among other techniques, we demonstrate how the use of SVMs over the Census Histogram representation can increase the recognition performance. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001411009068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,3]],"date-time":"2012-01-03T01:28:03Z","timestamp":1325554083000},"page":"1337-1348","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["CENSUS HISTOGRAMS: A SIMPLE FEATURE EXTRACTION AND MATCHING APPROACH FOR FACE RECOGNITION"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"GIOVANI","family":"CHIACHIA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Bauru, S\u00e3o Paulo 17033-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"APARECIDO NILCEU","family":"MARANA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Bauru, S\u00e3o Paulo 17033-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TOBIAS","family":"RUF","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Imaging Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANDREAS","family":"ERNST","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electronic Imaging Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, 91058 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44887-X_74"},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(00)00054-6"},{"key":"rf7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2008.06.015"},{"key":"rf8","first-page":"1871","volume":"9","author":"Fan R.","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"rf10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2004.04.001"},{"key":"rf11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2005.08.005"},{"key":"rf13","unstructured":"P. J.\u00a0Phillips, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1999)\u00a0pp. 803\u2013809."},{"key":"rf14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/34.879790"},{"key":"rf18","volume-title":"Learning with Kernels","author":"Sch\u00f6lkopf B.","year":"2002"},{"key":"rf19","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Shakhnarovich and B.\u00a0Moghaddam, Handbook of Face Recognition, eds. S. Z.\u00a0Li and A. K.\u00a0Jain (Springer, 2004)\u00a0pp. 141\u2013168."},{"key":"rf20","first-page":"71","author":"Turk M.","journal-title":"J. Cogn. Neurosci."},{"key":"rf22","first-page":"179","author":"Zhang G.","journal-title":"Advances in Biometric Person Authentication"},{"key":"rf24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/954339.954342"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218001411009068","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T03:23:11Z","timestamp":1565148191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218001411009068"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"08","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218001411009068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218001411009068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-0014","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}}}