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This paper starts with an overview of the harmonic phenomenon in music and music improvisation used by musicians and how it is applied to the optimization problem. The concept of harmony memory and its mathematical implementation are introduced. A review of HSA and its variants is presented. Guidelines from the literature on the choice of parameters used in HSA for effective solution of optimization problems are summarized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001415390012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T06:18:41Z","timestamp":1445235521000},"page":"1539001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Harmony Search Algorithm and its Variants"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Nazmul","family":"Siddique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Northland Road, Londonderry, BT48 7JL, United Kingdom"}]},{"given":"Hojjat","family":"Adeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Informatics, Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Neuroscience and Neurology, The Ohio State University, 470 Hitchcock Hall, 2070 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482267549","volume-title":"Advances in Design Optimization","author":"Adeli H.","year":"1994"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB2","volume-title":"Machine Learning- Neural Networks, Genetic Algorithms, and Fuzzy Sets","author":"Adeli H.","year":"1995"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9364(1997)123:4(450)"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.448"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB5","volume-title":"Distributed Computer-Aided Engineering for Analysis, Design, and Visualization","author":"Adeli H.","year":"1999"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7949(95)00048-L"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-6080(95)00026-V"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315214764"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0470867353"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0129065713500299"},{"key":"S0218001415390012BIB12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12017"},{"issue":"10","key":"S0218001415390012BIB13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12049","volume":"28","author":"Arango C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput.-Aided Civ. 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