{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:02:04Z","timestamp":1777449724203,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Most of the initialization approaches are dedicated to the partitional clustering algorithms which process categorical or numerical data only. However, in real-world applications, data objects with both numeric and categorical features are ubiquitous. The coexistence of both categorical and numerical attributes make the initialization methods designed for single-type data inapplicable to mixed-type data. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, in the existing partitional clustering algorithms designed for mixed-type data, the initial cluster centers are determined randomly. In this paper, we propose a novel initialization method for mixed data clustering. In the proposed method, both the distance and density are exploited together to determine initial cluster centers. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by a series of experiments on three real-world datasets in comparison with that of traditional initialization methods. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s021800141550024x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,21]],"date-time":"2015-06-21T23:34:16Z","timestamp":1434929656000},"page":"1550024","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["An Initialization Method for Clustering Mixed Numeric and Categorical Data Based on the Density and Distance"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Jinchao","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK"},{"name":"School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanlin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China"},{"name":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"rf1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(95)00119-0"},{"key":"rf2","first-page":"1016","volume":"1","author":"Al-Daoud M. B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Control Quantum Inf. Eng."},{"key":"rf4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.02.015"},{"key":"rf5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.01.131"},{"key":"rf6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2013.03.001"},{"key":"rf7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.06.012"},{"key":"rf9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2009.01.060"},{"key":"rf10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.07.021"},{"key":"rf11","first-page":"768","volume":"21","author":"Forgy E. W.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"rf12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1587\/transcom.E98.B.190"},{"key":"rf13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3975(85)90224-5"},{"key":"rf14","volume-title":"Data Mining Concepts and Techniques","author":"Han J.","year":"2012"},{"key":"rf17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009769707641"},{"key":"rf18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/91.784206"},{"key":"rf19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2011.05.011"},{"key":"rf20","volume-title":"Algorithms for clustering data","author":"Jain A. K.","year":"1988"},{"key":"rf21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/331499.331504"},{"key":"rf22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/BT9660127"},{"key":"rf23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2012.01.006"},{"key":"rf24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/97.329844"},{"key":"rf25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2004.04.007"},{"key":"rf26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.07.002"},{"key":"rf29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2381872"},{"key":"rf31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1008381"},{"key":"rf32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2007.01.001"},{"key":"rf33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/minf.201300004"},{"key":"rf34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(01)00163-5"},{"key":"rf35","volume-title":"Pattern recognition principles","author":"Tou J. T.","year":"1974"},{"key":"rf37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2010.01.011"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S021800141550024X","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T16:59:58Z","timestamp":1565110798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S021800141550024X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"07","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S021800141550024X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s021800141550024x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-0014","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]}}}