{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:43:38Z","timestamp":1740120218732,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"08","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Lip segmentation is one of critical steps in a lip-reading system, because it closely relates to the accuracy of system recognition. In this paper, we aim to improve the accuracy of lip segmentation. A novel color space is proposed which consists of the [Formula: see text] component in the CIE-LUV space and the sum of [Formula: see text]2 and [Formula: see text]3 components of the image after discrete Hartley transform (DHT). We select a rhombus as the initial contour as its shape is approximate to a closed lip shape relatively. These notions are achieved based on the method of the Active contour model. The active contour model (ACM) is performed by the Chan\u2013Vese model, and the result of each component is gained separately. Finally, the ultimate results are obtained by merging the result of each component together. Through experiments we can get a conclusion that this method can get more accurate and smoother lip contour. Meanwhile, the proposed method is more efficient compared with the classic ACM because it avoids some problems in the classic active contour model, like the radius of the initial contour needs to be set manually according to the size of images. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001418560086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T01:10:19Z","timestamp":1516324219000},"page":"1856008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lip Segmentation Based on Combined Color Space and ACM with Rhombic Initial Contour"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7985-269X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyao","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, North China University of Technology, No. 5, Jinyuanzhuang Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, P. R. China"}]},{"given":"Qingqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, North China University of Technology, No. 5, Jinyuanzhuang Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100144, P. R. China"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.11.027"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007979827043"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/83.902291"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2015.2501547"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(94)00059-J"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.239.4839.482"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TDEI.2012.6180248"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00133570"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2015.05.021"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2015.11.009"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.818116"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.05.027"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2003.814843"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpa.3160420503"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9991(88)90002-2"},{"key":"S0218001418560086BIB031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(04)00196-7"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218001418560086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T14:21:07Z","timestamp":1565101267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218001418560086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"08","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218001418560086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218001418560086","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0218-0014"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1793-6381"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,8]]}}}