{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:43:46Z","timestamp":1740120226709,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"09","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61370111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61370111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4172020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4172020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Great Wall Scholar Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission","award":["CIT&TCD20180304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD20180304"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Youth Talent Project","award":["CIT&TCD 201504001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIT&TCD 201504001"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Education Commission General Program","award":["KM201610009003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KM201610009003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> The increased demand for virtual reality brings more challenges to 360<jats:sup>\u2218<\/jats:sup> video coding. 360<jats:sup>\u2218<\/jats:sup> video needs to be projected as a planar video before encoding. This process will produce projection distortion. The degree of projection distortion depends on the location of the pixel. Traditional coding algorithms cannot respond to this feature efficiently enough. In this paper, a fast Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO) algorithm for 360<jats:sup>\u2218<\/jats:sup> video is proposed. The proposed algorithm improves the SAO process. On the basis of retaining the whole SAO process, a simplified SAO process is added. First, the coding tree unit (CTU) of performing the simplified SAO process is filtered according to the rate distortion cost (RD-cost) of the intra- or inter-prediction and the location of the CTU.\u00a0Subsequently, the CTU is sampled at intervals according to the equirectangular projection (ERP) characteristics, and the CTU of performing the simplified SAO process is determined. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves 60% time of SAO process reduction, with only 0.29% luma Bjontegaard delta rate (BD-rate) increases on average. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001419550115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T04:15:52Z","timestamp":1545020152000},"page":"1955011","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Fast Sample Adaptive Offset Algorithm for 360<sup>\u2218<\/sup> Video"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renbo","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7205-441X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fuqi","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2007.898646"},{"journal-title":"13th VCEG-M33 Meeting","year":"2001","author":"Bjontegaard G.","key":"S0218001419550115BIB003"},{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/DCC.2018.00053"},{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2362794"},{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2012.2221529"},{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VCIP.2015.7457894"},{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-Berlin.2013.6698011"},{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/INFOCT.2018.8356852"},{"key":"S0218001419550115BIB011","first-page":"241","volume-title":"2017 IEEE Int. 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