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The main reason is that SEM does not fully construct causal models between observed variables (OVs) from big data. When the artificial causal order is contrary to the fact, the causal inference from SEM is doubtful, and the implicit causal information between the OVs cannot be extracted and utilized. This study first objectively identifies the causal order of variables using the DirectLiNGAM method widely accepted in recent years. Then traditional SEM is converted to expanded SEM (ESEM) consisting of SM, MM and observation model (OM). Finally, through model testing and debugging, ESEM with good fit with data is obtained. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001420510015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T04:25:55Z","timestamp":1553055955000},"page":"2051001","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["One Core Task of Interpretability in Machine Learning\u00a0\u2014 Expansion of Structural Equation Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Fei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youlong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuying","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, 266 Xinglong Section of Xifeng Road, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi 710126, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001420510015BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/089976698300017746"},{"key":"S0218001420510015BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/855\/1\/012006"},{"key":"S0218001420510015BIB004","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"Bach F. 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