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The imaging characteristics of single toroidal mirror and double mirrors are analyzed in detail by the optical path function. The optical design, parameter optimization, image quality simulation and analysis of the microscope are carried out. The optimized hard X-ray microscope has a resolution better than 5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m at 1[Formula: see text]mm object field of view. The experimental data shows that the variation of the resolution is smaller in the direction of incident angle decrease than that in the increasing direction. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001420550101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T09:28:35Z","timestamp":1559899715000},"page":"2055010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Design and Analysis of Hard X-Ray Microscope Employing Toroidal Mirrors Working at Grazing-Incidence"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0256-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"},{"name":"College of Equipment Management and Support, Engineering University of PAP, Xi\u2019an 710086, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"given":"Bingjing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]},{"given":"Junhua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an 710119, P.\u00a0R.\u00a0China"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001420550101BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.40.004570"},{"key":"S0218001420550101BIB002","first-page":"9966","volume-title":"Proc. of SPIE","author":"Caillaud T.","year":"2016"},{"issue":"8","key":"S0218001420550101BIB004","first-page":"1801","volume":"18","author":"Cui T. 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