{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T16:34:23Z","timestamp":1780418063573,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"World Scientific Pub Co Pte Ltd","issue":"07","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Patt. Recogn. Artif. Intell."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Cognitive radio (CR) is the trending domain in addressing the inadequate bands for communication, and spectrum sensing is the hectic challenge need to be addressed extensively. In the conventional CRs, the communication is restricted to the secondary users (SUs) in the allocated bands causing the underutilization of the available band. Thus, with the aim to afford higher throughput and spectrum efficiency, this paper introduces the hybrid mixture model for spectrum sensing in the multiple-input\u2013multiple-output (MIMO) systems and the effectiveness is evaluated based on the evaluation parameters, such as detection probability and probability of false alarm. The signal received through the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) antenna is employed for analyzing the spectral availability for which the energy and Eigen statistics of the signal is generated, which forms the input to the Hybrid mixture model. The developed Hybrid mixture model is the integration of the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Whale Elephant-Herd Optimization (WEHO). The GMM is subjected to the optimal tuning using the WEHO, which is the modification of the standard Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with the Elephant-Herd Optimization (EHO). The analysis reveals that the proposed spectrum sensing model acquired the maximal detection probability and minimal false alarm probability of 99.9% and 46.4%, respectively. The proposed hybrid mixture model derives the spectrum availability and ensures the effective communication in CR without any interference. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218001420580082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]],"date-time":"2019-10-31T02:34:21Z","timestamp":1572489261000},"page":"2058008","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Hybrid Mixture Model Based on a Hybrid Optimization for Spectrum Sensing to Improve the Performance of MIMO\u2013OFDM Systems"],"prefix":"10.1142","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0267-7475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurra Upendra","family":"Chowdary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R.V.R & J.C. College of Engineering, Chowdavaram, Guntur 522019, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. Prabhakara","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nano Technology IST J.N.T.U Kakinada, Kakinada 533003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"219","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.806"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2018.02.011"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2012.100412.00017"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TLA.2016.7555226"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.808163"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB007","first-page":"21","volume":"1","author":"Chatterjee S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Telecommun. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WCL.2013.111113.130655"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB009","first-page":"746","volume-title":"Proc. Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"Claus C.","year":"1998"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB010","volume-title":"Proc. 8th European Conf. Artificial Life Workshop on Memory and Learning Mechanisms in Autonomous Robots","author":"Croon G. D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAMD.2009.2031234"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCT.2010.5688723"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan2010001"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2009.5425693"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CISE.2009.5363127"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB016","first-page":"2197","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conf.","author":"Jin S.","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB017","first-page":"1","author":"Jin Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2017.11.001"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/URSIGASS.2014.6929235"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWCS.2014.6933437"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2016.2542160"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECTICon.2014.6839790"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-WC.2008.070391"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2011.2112676"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB025","volume-title":"Global Communications Conf. GLOBECOM","author":"Miridakis N. I.","year":"2017"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.613"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2759084"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2017.8108629"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IMOC.2009.5427579"},{"issue":"5","key":"S0218001420580082BIB031","first-page":"2231","volume":"1","author":"Rathi S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Soft Comput. Eng."},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB032","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Proc. IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS)","author":"Abdul Salam A. O.","year":"2015"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJWMC.2017.088540"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2013.2250499"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2017.07.006"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB036","first-page":"1057","volume-title":"Proc. 12th Conf. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS \u201999)","author":"Sutton R.","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SAMI.2018.8324842"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICI.2017.8365343"},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCW.2010.5503970"},{"issue":"1","key":"S0218001420580082BIB040","first-page":"116","volume":"11","author":"Yucek T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Commun."},{"key":"S0218001420580082BIB041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.11.008"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1142\/S0218001420580082","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]],"date-time":"2020-06-30T09:53:57Z","timestamp":1593510837000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S0218001420580082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"07","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1142\/S0218001420580082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/s0218001420580082","relation":{},"ISSN":["0218-0014","1793-6381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0218-0014","type":"print"},{"value":"1793-6381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,31]]}}}